November 2025 in “The Journal of Immunology” This study found that CD80 expression in wound-activated hair follicle stem cells induces Foxp3 expression in effector T cells, facilitating wound repair by converting them into regulatory T cells.
October 2025 in “Science Advances” In this study, researchers demonstrated that CD4 T cells from skin-draining lymph nodes in mice with alopecia areata can transfer the disease to recipient mice, revealing a critical role for CD4 T cells in disease development and suggesting potential therapeutic targets.
In this study, researchers found that CD4 T cells from the skin draining lymph nodes of mice with alopecia areata can transfer the disease to recipient mice, highlighting the key role of these cells and their interaction with CD8 T cells in the disease's development.
84 citations
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October 2007 in “The Journal of Immunology” This study found that chronic eczema supports the expansion of myeloid suppressor cells, which contribute to silencing autoreactive T cells and partially promote hair regrowth in alopecia areata.
2 citations
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June 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” CD8+ T cells re-expressing CD45RA may predict treatment resistance in severe alopecia areata.
1 citations
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May 2023 in “The Journal of Immunology” In this animal study, researchers discovered that CD4 T cells from mice with alopecia areata can induce the disease more efficiently than those from unaffected mice, likely by supporting CD8 T cell activation and hair follicle attack.
1 citations
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May 2022 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” This study found that astilbin downregulates effector CD4+ T cell activities through the CYP1B1/ROS/PPARγ pathway, suggesting its potential use in treating inflammation.
January 2024 in “Inflammation and regeneration” This study identified Th22 cells as key effectors in hair regeneration driven by thymosin beta 15, suggesting they could be potential targets for hair regrowth therapies.
85 citations
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January 2018 in “Cell stem cell” This study found that synchronized signals in the microenvironment regulate stem cell lineage choices in hair follicles by influencing chromatin dynamics during regeneration.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study suggests that monitoring CD8+ TEMRA cells in patients with rapidly progressive alopecia areata treated with intravenous corticosteroids could help predict therapeutic outcomes.
19 citations
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August 2012 in “Cell death and differentiation” This study found that disrupting the inturned gene in developing mouse epidermis halted hair follicle formation due to impaired keratinocyte differentiation, highlighting primary cilia's role in tissue-specific planar cell polarity signaling.
November 2025 in “The Journal of Immunology” In a murine model of alopecia areata, this study observed that the IL-2 fusion protein HCW9302 helped prevent disease development by expanding regulatory T cells and reducing disease-causing effector T cell infiltrates, suggesting potential for using IL-2 fusion proteins in alopecia areata treatment.
16 citations
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March 2017 in “Oncotarget” This study suggests that SOCS3 treatment may effectively inhibit alopecia areata by suppressing CD8+ T cell activity and IFN-γ production.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Certain CD8+ T cells attack hair follicles in alopecia areata, suggesting they could be targeted for treatment.
2 citations
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August 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study found that during wound healing, hair follicle stem cells develop an immune modulatory ability to create a protective immune suppressive niche, facilitating their survival and function amidst inflammation.
22 citations
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September 2020 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This review highlights the possible role of T regulatory cells in the immune-related mechanisms of alopecia areata but reports no new clinical findings.
64 citations
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July 2016 in “Journal of Immunology” In this study, blocking the CXCR3 receptor in mice prevented the development of alopecia areata by inhibiting the accumulation of specific T cells in the skin, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for humans.
13 citations
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September 2022 in “Frontiers in immunology” This study found that Ifidancitinib, a JAK1/3 inhibitor, significantly promoted hair regrowth and reduced inflammation in a mouse model of alopecia areata by decreasing pathogenic T cell activity and inducing T cell exhaustion.
127 citations
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January 2008 in “PloS one” This study observed that the vitamin D receptor is crucial for hair follicle formation and altering tumor development in the Wnt signaling pathway, suggesting therapeutic potential for vitamin D analogues in related tumors.
April 2008 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature” The vitamin D receptor helps control hair growth and may protect against certain skin tumors.
March 2026 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” This study identified CD28, GZMB, and CD1C as key immune regulators in alopecia areata, highlighting CD28 as a potential therapeutic target with a promising safety profile, using a proteome-anchored multi-omics approach to uncover actionable targets for this autoimmune hair-loss disorder.
July 2025 in “Cell & Bioscience” Specific immune cells and pathways contribute to hair follicle inflammation and hair loss, suggesting potential treatments for lichen planopilaris.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that terminally differentiated effector memory Vδ1T-cells and their cytotoxic activation markers were elevated in alopecia areata patients, suggesting these cells may contribute to its early pathogenesis.
2 citations
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August 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study found that electrospun membranes with aligned surface topography enhanced wound healing and hair follicle regeneration while modulating the immune response in a mouse skin wound model.
1 citations
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April 2024 in “The Journal of Dermatology” This case study reports that a woman with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita experienced severe cicatricial alopecia and total nail loss after discontinuing treatment for two years, highlighting the potential for serious effects if the condition is not managed.
1 citations
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June 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” In this study, researchers identified unique prenatal lymphocyte features in human fetal skin, including proliferative naive T cells and memory-like T cells, which may influence antigen and allergen responses in utero and infancy.
June 2024 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” In this study, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) induced IL-4/IL-13 from T cells, prompting sebum secretion and adipose loss, suggesting IL-4/IL-13 may affect skin barrier function in atopic dermatitis.
25 citations
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November 2020 in “Cell Reports Medicine” Developing human skin has immune cells with memory-like features.
March 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)” In this study, researchers found that changes in immune cell infiltration and immune-related gene expression may contribute to the immune microenvironment changes in male androgenetic alopecia.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Enhancing Tregs can protect against alopecia areata.