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This article reviews valproate's impact on hair health, reporting both hair loss linked with oral use and early signs of hair regeneration from topical applications, without presenting new clinical results.

In this study, ultrastructural examination of hair in children treated with valproic acid showed a normal hair surface and cuticular pattern, despite reported hair changes with the drug.

This review discusses the role of histone deacetylases in hearing loss, proposing potential pharmacological interventions, but reports no new clinical results.

In this study, the side effects of long-term sodium valproate treatment for refractory epilepsy were generally slight and transient, with severe side effects not observed.

This study found that dual ASM therapies involving valproic acid were associated with poorer tolerability and specific adverse events, with cognitive side effects occurring prominently across all examined combinations.

This study found that thrombocytopenia is a common side effect of valproic acid, affecting up to 54% of elderly patients, but it is under-investigated despite significant therapeutic consequences.

In this study, valproic acid treatment was associated with reduced biotinidase activity and improved skin lesions after biotin supplementation in children with seizures.

This study found that vomiting was the most common side effect of sodium valproate in children under two with epilepsy.

This study found that topical valproate has minimal potential to cause skin irritation, suggesting it can be applied safely to human skin.

Low dose valproic acid treatment caused hair loss in a young patient.

This open-label study suggests that combining valproate, lamotrigine, and a benzodiazepine can significantly reduce the frequency of epileptic drop attacks in patients with generalized or multifocal epilepsies.

This study found that while serum zinc levels were lower in children treated with valproic acid or carbamazepine than in healthy controls, zinc, biotin, and biotinidase enzyme activity remained within normal ranges and unaffected by these treatments.

Valproic acid can cause hair loss, but information on hair color change is not detailed.

This study found that young women with epilepsy experienced various neuroendocrinal and reproductive side effects, with valproic acid showing the highest risk for teratogenic effects and associated disorders.

In this study conducted at Shafa Hospital, Kerman, Iran, 3.5% of patients using sodium valproate as an antiepileptic experienced hair loss and curling over ten years.

This study demonstrated that sodium valproate accelerates skin healing and reduces necrosis in a rat model of skin flap potentially through mechanisms involving GABA and histone deacetylase pathways.

This study found that while sodium valproate improved seizure control in children with epilepsy, it often led to increased weight gain, with no severe side effects like liver disease or pancreatitis reported.

This study found that neuroendocrine and reproductive disorders were most commonly reported in women with epilepsy taking valproic acid, while newer antiepileptic drugs resulted in more favorable outcomes.

In this study, valproic acid treatment did not significantly affect serum biotinidase enzyme activity in children, but was associated with hair loss in some patients, which resolved with biotin supplementation.

In this commentary, the authors highlighted that valproic acid, unlike lamotrigine, is notably associated with alopecia in various studies, with an incidence rate up to 12% and mechanisms involving telogen effluvium and hyperandrogenism contributing to hair loss in patients.

This article presents five cases of valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy in psychiatric patients treated at the authors' clinic and discusses existing literature on this side effect.

This review discusses challenges in managing cutaneous drug reactions to anticonvulsants and reports no new clinical findings; the authors emphasize the complexity of discontinuing or rechallenging suspected agents.

In this study, acute liver disease occurred in five patients, including four children, after treatment with sodium valproate, leading to the death of three patients.

This case report highlights a rare instance of fingernail and toenail hyperpigmentation following the use of valproic acid, which resolved after discontinuation of the drug.

In this study, researchers highlighted that while oral valproate often causes hair loss, preliminary experiments with topical valproic acid solution suggest its potential for hair regeneration, potentially offering fewer side effects and reduced cost compared to existing treatments.

In this study, valproic acid, levetiracetam, and phenytoin were the main anti-seizure medications associated with adverse drug reactions in pediatric epilepsy patients, with younger children and those on polytherapy at higher risk.

This case series reported three instances where alopecia linked to sodium valproate was reversed after discontinuing the drug.