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This research observed that oral testosterone replacement therapy significantly increases cardiovascular risk, while effects of injected or transdermal therapy on cardiovascular risk were not significant, prompting further investigation into these methods.

This study found that approximately 75% of women with PCOS exhibited hyperandrogenemia, with free testosterone being the most frequently elevated marker.

This study describes the first case of female pseudohermaphroditism due to a novel homozygous glucocorticoid receptor gene mutation, indicating possible pre- and postnatal virilization in affected females.

This study found that in healthy men, higher levels of free testosterone were associated with a stronger immune response to the influenza vaccine, suggesting androgens may function as immunomodulators rather than strict immunosuppressants.

This study found that spironolactone was significantly more effective than finasteride in reducing hirsutism scores over 9 months, despite more side effects occurring in the spironolactone group.

This review highlights the efficacy of transdermal testosterone therapy in improving sexual function in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, though approved formulations and long-term safety data are limited.

This study found that both finasteride and flutamide effectively reduce hirsutism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome or idiopathic hirsutism, but flutamide was more effective.

This study found that women with PCOS have elevated serum androgen levels throughout adulthood, with these levels decreasing and variations increasing as they approach menopause.

This study found that the binding of finasteride to the enzyme 5a-reductase occurs at a slower rate than previously assumed, complicating the estimation of its real inhibitory constant.

In this study, hirsutism in women with PCOS was strongly associated with hyperandrogenism and metabolic abnormalities, while acne and androgenic alopecia were not effective markers for hyperandrogenism.

This study found that myo-inositol treatment reduced hirsutism and acne in women with PCOS by improving their metabolic profiles, including lower insulin and testosterone levels.

This study found that daily consumption of soft drinks significantly increases the risk of moderate-to-severe acne in adolescents, particularly if sugar intake from these drinks exceeds 100 grams per day.

In this study, researchers observed that hyperandrogenic PCOS patients exhibited distinct miRNA and TGFβ signaling gene expression patterns in granulosa cells, suggesting these factors may play a role in PCOS pathogenesis.

This review examines the physiological role of androgen conjugates in cutaneous androgen metabolism and questions their association with hirsutism, without presenting new clinical findings.

This study found that testosterone-enanthate increased red blood cell production and altered iron homeostasis in older hypogonadal men without being affected by finasteride, indicating these effects do not require type II 5α-reductase enzyme activity.

This review discusses hormonal influences on hair growth and suggests that understanding hormone-gene interactions may improve treatment of hirsutism and alopecia, but reports no new clinical findings.

In this study, germacrone from Curcuma aeruginosa showed anti-androgenic effects by inhibiting 5α-reductase, suggesting its potential as a lead compound for treating androgen-dependent disorders.

This study suggests that androgen receptor gene CAG repeat length may influence serum free testosterone levels in some PCOS patients, with longer repeats associated with higher testosterone concentrations.

This study found that both finasteride and flutamide effectively reduced hirsutism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, decreasing the Ferriman-Gallwey score and hair diameter without significant side effects.

This article discusses various causes of hyperandrogenism in women and highlights diagnostic considerations for conditions such as PCOS, NCCAH, Cushing's disease, and androgen-secreting tumors, without reporting new clinical results.

This review discusses the interplay between epilepsy and reproductive endocrine disorders, examining the factors involved and emphasizing the importance of monitoring but reports no new research findings.

This review examined studies on erectile dysfunction and 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors, concluding that these drugs do not significantly cause erectile dysfunction and emphasizing testosterone's importance over dihydrotestosterone in erectile function.

This study concluded that heterozygosity for CYP21 mutations is associated with higher mean and free testosterone levels in women but does not significantly increase their risk of developing clinically evident hyperandrogenism.

This review discusses the dual role of testosterone in COVID-19 progression and suggests its importance in understanding the disease's mechanisms, highlighting the need for further targeted research.

In this study, women with polycystic ovary syndrome had significantly higher lipocalin-2 levels compared to controls, suggesting it may be a useful marker for insulin resistance in this population.

This study found that Indian women with PCOS following a vegetarian diet had higher pro-inflammatory and lower anti-inflammatory marker levels compared to age and BMI-matched non-vegetarian counterparts.

This study found that Dutasteride, a 5α-reductase inhibitor, demonstrated neuroprotective effects by preventing the MPTP-induced decline of dopaminergic markers in a Parkinson's disease mouse model.

This review discusses the relationship between hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in PCOS, focusing on insulin dynamics, molecular mechanisms, genetic studies, and potential long-term treatments, but presents no new clinical results.

This review discusses emerging concepts in PCOS from the AEPCOS 2010 meeting and reports no clinical findings; it suggests that the transition of care in congenital adrenal hyperplasia could inform PCOS adolescent care.

This study found that specific SHBG gene variants and haplotypes are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, suggesting that SHBG may be a candidate gene for the condition.