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Androgens like testosterone are important hormones for both men and women, made differently in each sex and affecting the body by regulating genes and quick interactions with cell components.

Transit-amplifying cells are crucial for tissue repair and can contribute to cancer when they malfunction.

Oral retinoids are effective for treating severe skin disorders but have reversible side effects and risks for pregnant women.

Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

The research suggests that Tourette syndrome is linked to both brain signaling and immune system pathways.

Acne is significantly influenced by genetics, and understanding its genetic basis could lead to better, targeted treatments.

Hair disorders are caused by a complex mix of biology, genetics, hormones, and environmental factors, affecting hair growth and leading to conditions like alopecia.

The study found that mouse sweat glands develop before birth, mature after birth, and have specific keratin patterns.

The document concludes that careful design of genetic fate mapping experiments is crucial for accurate cell lineage tracing in mice.

AIRE-deficient rats developed severe autoimmune disease similar to APECED, useful for testing treatments.

NcoA4 may have roles beyond helping control gene activity, possibly affecting cell behavior and stability.

Scientists identified three genes important for processing certain brain chemicals, thyroid hormones, and medications.

Cashmere and milk goats have different hair growth cycles and gene expressions, which could help improve wool production.

New melanoma treatments can cause skin side effects, including skin cancer and rashes, but combining treatments may reduce these risks.

Thyroid diseases may contribute to autoimmune skin diseases, and more research is needed on their relationship.

A specific protein in chicken embryos links early skin layers to feather development.

The androgen receptor is a promising target for breast cancer treatment, especially in triple-negative cases, but more research is needed for personalized therapies.

Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Mice can regenerate ear tissue without the p53 protein.

The document says that treating the root cause of hair follicle damage is crucial to prevent permanent hair loss, and treatment options vary.

Some skin problems can be signs of diabetes or other metabolic diseases and recognizing them can help diagnose and treat these diseases early.

Telomere damage affects skin and hair follicle stem cells by messing up important growth signals.

The document concludes that Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea should be carefully diagnosed and managed to prevent health complications, using lifestyle changes and specific medications.

Researchers used CRISPR/Cas9 to create a goat with a gene that increased cashmere production by 74.5% without affecting quality.

Fine wool sheep have more genes for wool quality, while coarse wool sheep have more for skin and muscle traits.

Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.

Scientists created keratinocyte cell lines from human hair that can differentiate similarly to normal skin cells, offering a new way to study skin biology and diseases.

Keratoacanthoma comes from hair follicle cells.

Alopecia areata has a complex genetic basis that was not fully understood as of 2001.

Removing myelin protein zero-like 3 in mice leads to better metabolism and resistance to obesity.