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GlossaryMelasma (Chloasma)

common skin condition causing dark facial patches

Melasma, also known as chloasma or the "mask of pregnancy," is a common skin condition characterized by dark, discolored patches on the face, particularly on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip. It is often triggered by hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy or from the use of oral contraceptives, and can be exacerbated by sun exposure. While it is more prevalent in women, men can also be affected. Treatment typically involves sun protection, topical depigmenting agents, and sometimes procedures like chemical peels or laser therapy.

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research Cutaneous Effects in Hormonal Contraception

3 citations, January 1985 in “PubMed”

Hormonal birth control can cause skin issues, but low-dose options and those with antiandrogens may reduce these effects.

research Contraception And The Skin

2 citations, August 1987 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology”

Birth control pills can cause skin issues but may help with acne and hirsutism, and choosing the right type can minimize side effects.

research Clinical Role of Oral Vitamin C and E Therapy in Skin and Hair Disorders

June 2021 in “International journal of cosmetics and dermatology”

Vitamin C and E may help with certain skin and hair conditions, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.

research Cutaneous Changes During Pregnancy

July 2022 in “International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS)”

Pregnancy often causes skin changes like darker nipples, swelling in feet, and stretch marks.

research Advances in Topical Therapy of Skin Diseases

January 1979 in “PubMed”

New treatments for skin diseases in 1979 showed promising results with fewer side effects.

research Melasma in Men

1 citations, January 2015 in “Journal of Pigmentary Disorders”

Treating melasma in men is difficult, especially for the deeper skin layers, and may need more than just topical treatments.

research Dermatoses of Pregnancy

208 citations, July 2001 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Pregnancy can cause various skin changes and diseases, with PUPPP being the most common skin condition specific to pregnancy.

research Physiologic Skin Changes in Pregnancy

141 citations, January 1984 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Pregnancy can cause skin darkening, varicose veins, more sweating, hair growth, hair loss after birth, nail changes, and gum inflammation.

research Physiologic Skin Changes Associated With Pregnancy

64 citations, June 1992 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

Pregnancy often causes skin changes like darkening, stretch marks, and hair growth, which may improve after childbirth.

research Origin, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnosis of Facial Hypermelanoses

35 citations, July 2007 in “Dermatologic clinics”

Facial dark spots can be caused by the sun, genetics, makeup, or medicine, and are diagnosed by patient history and skin tests.

research Platelet-Rich Plasma Is a Promising Therapy for Melasma

11 citations, May 2021 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

Platelet-rich plasma therapy could be an effective treatment for melasma with minimal side effects.

research Facial Contact Dermatitis Due to Spironolactone in an Anti-Acne Cream

6 citations, November 1993 in “Contact dermatitis”

Spironolactone in anti-acne cream can cause allergic skin reactions in some people.

research Women's Dermatologic Diseases, Health Care Delivery, and Socioeconomic Barriers

4 citations, March 2006 in “Archives of Dermatology”

The conclusion is that dermatologists can improve women's skin health but must overcome cultural and economic barriers to do so.

research Melasma and Endocrine Disorders

1 citations, January 2015 in “Journal of Pigmentary Disorders”

Melasma is a skin condition linked to female hormones, genetics, UV exposure, and certain medications, but not to pituitary, adrenal, or thyroid diseases.

research Tolerance of Spironolactone in Acne and Hirsutism Treatment

1 citations, June 1987 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Most patients tolerated spironolactone for acne and hirsutism despite common side effects like menstrual changes and breast tenderness.

research Topical Corticosteroids Induced Hyperpigmentation: A Case Report

October 2019 in “International journal of research in dermatology”

Misusing topical corticosteroids can cause skin darkening and other side effects.

research Use of Cyproterone Acetate in the Treatment of Acne, Hirsutism, and Virilism

232 citations, June 1975 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry”

Cyproterone acetate is effective for acne but less so for hirsutism and alopecia, with some side effects and quick menstrual cycle recovery after treatment.

research Biology of Estrogens in Skin: Implications for Skin Aging

187 citations, December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Estrogens can improve skin aging but carry risks; more research is needed on safer treatments.

research Prevalence of Dermatological Disorders in Japan: A Nationwide, Cross-Sectional, Seasonal, Multicenter, Hospital-Based Study

141 citations, March 2011 in “Journal of Dermatology”

Eczema and fungal infections are the most common skin problems in Japan, with different age groups and genders affected by various conditions.

research Effect of Estrogens on Skin Aging and the Potential Role of SERMs

120 citations, October 2007 in “Clinical Interventions in Aging”

Estrogens help reduce skin aging, and SERMs might offer similar benefits without the risks of hormone therapy.

research Flares of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus During Pregnancy and the Puerperium: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management

87 citations, July 2012 in “Expert Review of Clinical Immunology”

Pregnancy can increase lupus activity, but careful planning and treatment can improve outcomes.

research Melanin Pigmentary Disorders: Treatment Update

84 citations, April 2005 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

Treatments for melanin disorders exist, but more effective options needed.

research Physiological and Biological Skin Changes in Pregnancy

71 citations, February 2006 in “Clinics in Dermatology”

Pregnancy causes skin changes like darkening, hair thickening, nail changes, and increased risk of skin growths, most of which usually resolve after birth.

research Estrogen Functions in Skin and Skin Appendages

68 citations, June 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets”

Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.

research Innovative Use of Spironolactone as an Antiandrogen in the Treatment of Female Pattern Hair Loss

53 citations, May 2010 in “PubMed”

Spironolactone helps regrow hair in women with hair loss.

research Cosmetic Aspects of Pregnancy

51 citations, February 2006 in “Clinics in Dermatology”

Pregnant women often experience skin and hair changes, with over half getting stretch marks and pigment changes, and should be cautious with cosmetic procedures due to potential risks.

research The Skin in Pregnancy: A Review of Normal Changes

47 citations, May 2002 in “Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery”

Pregnancy can cause normal skin changes that usually go away after childbirth and don't need treatment.

research Cutaneous Side Effects of Oral Contraceptives

41 citations, February 1970 in “Archives of Dermatology”

Oral contraceptives can cause skin issues like dark patches, acne, yeast infections, sensitivity to light, spider veins, skin rashes, and hair loss.

research Dermatologic Side Effects of Psychotropic Medications

31 citations, October 2013 in “Psychosomatics”

Psychotropic medications can cause skin reactions, including severe conditions like SJS and TEN, and it's important for psychiatrists to recognize and manage these side effects.

research Innovative Uses for Zinc in Dermatology

27 citations, May 2010 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

Zinc can be a helpful secondary treatment for certain skin conditions, but more research is needed to guide its use.