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This chapter reviews the presence and roles of stem cells in various body systems, focusing on their lifelong function in animals and humans, and reports no new experimental findings.

This section presents 70 multiple choice questions designed for haematology specialist trainees, covering complex clinical cases and their likely diagnoses, adverse events, and management advice.

This article presents a collection of 70 multiple choice questions designed to assist haematology and core medical trainees with diagnostic and management skills, but it provides no new clinical findings.

The document lists various dermatology topics, treatments, and diagnostic methods.

This study found that multiple genes and pathways, particularly several keratin-associated proteins, may be involved in the molecular pathogenesis of male androgenetic alopecia.

Lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia are likely the same disease with different clinical appearances.

This study found that CD34 is necessary for TPA-induced activation of hair follicle stem cells and tumor formation in mice, with CD34 knockout mice showing delayed and reduced tumor development compared to wild-types.

CD34 is a marker for isolating stem-like cells in mouse hair follicles.

CD10 helps distinguish between basal cell carcinoma and benign hair follicle tumors.

In this study, researchers reported that CD34 expression in the isthmic region of canine hair follicles suggests a potential stem cell compartment in this area.

This study found that CD44 and CD49d together enhance signaling pathways in lymphocytes in mice with alopecia areata, influencing their activation and function.

In this study, researchers documented the immunohistochemical distribution of CD34 in basal cell carcinoma and found distinct patterns of CD34 expression, with variations in CD34 positivity between different areas of BCC tumor stroma and adjacent skin regions.

This study found that CD99 is strongly expressed in the basal cells and hair follicles of normal adult and developing fetal skin, with expression patterns becoming similar after 20 weeks of gestation.

This study found that a specific T-cell receptor motif associated with lipid-antigen stimulation may play a role in the pathogenesis of folliculotropic mycosis fungoides.

This study reports that a clinical prognostic model based on immune-related genes improved survival prediction for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma, also identifying potential drugs targeting the gene DOCK8.

This study found that in circulating tumor cells from non-invasive liquid biopsies, the GG genotype of the CYP3A5 A6986G affects longer disease-free survival in DLBCL patients, highlighting the significance of circulating biomarkers for prognostic evaluation.

In this study, CD44 expression was absent in alopecia areata-affected scalp, with some patients regaining expression after treatment despite no significant hair regrowth, suggesting involvement in the disease's pathogenesis.

This study found that CD200-negative human hair follicle bulge cells have a higher hair-regenerative capability compared to CD200-positive cells, suggesting that reduced CD200 expression may enhance hair regeneration, providing insights for improving bulge cell-based hair restoration techniques.

This study found that T-regulatory cells, specifically the FOXP3 CD39 subset, were significantly reduced in both circulation and hair follicles of alopecia areata patients compared to healthy subjects, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

In this study, rheumatoid arthritis patients showed no changes in the number of circulating follicular helper T cells, but these cells had increased CD200 expression, implicating them in disease pathogenesis and suggesting CD200/CD200R as a potential therapeutic target.

This study found that immunohistochemistry can effectively distinguish between tricholemmoma and basal cell carcinoma, with BerEP4 and CD34 serving as key differentiators.

This study found that digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) outperformed qPCR in detecting replication competent lentivirus in CAR-T products by offering better sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, making it a reliable and rapid method for ensuring patient safety.

This study tested a folate-conjugate drug delivery system and found its cytotoxicity depends on whether the treated cells overexpress folate receptors, suggesting potential for targeted chemotherapy.

Certain CD8+ T cells attack hair follicles in alopecia areata, suggesting they could be targeted for treatment.

This study revealed distinct cellular and transcriptomic differences among various subtypes of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, particularly highlighting characteristics unique to folliculotropic mycosis fungoides.

This comprehensive review suggests that CD44 signaling plays a significant role in post-natal skin wound healing and scar formation, with potential for therapeutic approaches targeting CD44 to shift from fibrotic scarring towards regenerative healing, including wound regeneration and hair neogenesis.

CD44 variant changes start alopecia areata, but don't maintain it.

This study investigated human hair follicle bulge cells and found that those with reduced CD200 expression exhibited enhanced hair regenerative capability, refining the functional understanding of bulge cell heterogeneity and providing insights for optimizing bulge cell–based hair regeneration techniques.