255 citations,
October 1985 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Spironolactone treatment increases the amount of testosterone available in the body.
8 citations,
March 2010 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Free Testosterone Index, bioavailable testosterone, and androstenedione are the most accurate for diagnosing excess male hormones in PCOS.
99 citations,
June 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone replacement may help some postmenopausal women with symptoms like fatigue and low libido, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.
January 2010 in “Yearbook of Endocrinology” Older men with lower levels of available testosterone are more likely to be frail.
166 citations,
March 2007 in “Hypertension” High androgen levels in young women with PCOS are linked to higher blood pressure.
28 citations,
February 2011 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Women with PCOS have unhealthy changes in their cholesterol particles that are not related to their body weight.
4 citations,
December 2021 in “Pharmacological Reports” Metformin is less effective in men with early-onset hair loss.
2 citations,
June 2022 in “Scientific reports” Women with PCOS have higher hair cortisol levels, which are linked to worse metabolic and inflammatory conditions.
1 citations,
October 2023 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” Regulating certain sex hormones may help delay facial aging.
1 citations,
November 2020 in “Cureus” Clinical signs of hyperandrogenism are related to female pattern hair loss severity, but biochemical markers are not.
April 2021 in “Journal of evolution of medical and dental sciences” Women with PCOS have higher levels of certain androgens, which are good at predicting excess hair growth.
September 2014 in “Springer eBooks” Men and women experience skin aging differently due to changes in sex hormone levels with age.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Female pattern hair loss severity is linked to physical signs of high androgens, not blood hormone levels.
30 citations,
January 2008 in “The Aging Male” The study found no link between baldness patterns and androgen levels in men with benign prostate enlargement or prostate cancer.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's severe hormone imbalance after menopause led to finding a rare ovarian tumor, treated by surgery.
7 citations,
April 2012 in “Clinical investigation” Transdermal testosterone can improve sexual desire in postmenopausal women but lacks long-term safety data and is not FDA-approved for this use.
92 citations,
November 2003 in “The Journals of Gerontology” Testosterone supplements can increase muscle mass and strength in older men with low levels, but long-term effects and risks need more research.
77 citations,
November 2007 in “International Journal of Andrology” Testosterone with or without finasteride doesn't improve thinking skills in older men with low testosterone.
12 citations,
March 2017 in “Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada” Testosterone therapy can modestly improve sexual function in menopausal women but should be used cautiously and is not recommended for routine measurement in sexual dysfunction or hirsutism.
506 citations,
March 2005 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy improves physical function, strength, and body composition in older men with low testosterone levels.
417 citations,
February 2004 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy increases bone density in older men with low testosterone levels.
81 citations,
May 2007 in “Fertility and Sterility” Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.
46 citations,
January 2008 in “Climacteric” Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but may cause side effects and is not FDA-approved for this use.
31 citations,
January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.
26 citations,
August 2014 in “PubMed” Testosterone improves mood and thinking skills; finasteride has no effect.
18 citations,
May 2014 in “Menopause” A 5 mg dose of transdermal testosterone cream effectively restores testosterone levels in postmenopausal women.
17 citations,
February 2019 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Testosterone replacement therapy should be used for men with low testosterone levels and symptoms of hypogonadism, after careful diagnosis and considering individual needs.
11 citations,
September 2012 in “Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada” Testosterone therapy seems safe for short-term use in postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but more research on long-term effects is needed.
10 citations,
April 2006 in “Seminars in Reproductive Medicine” Testosterone therapy may improve mood, well-being, and sexual function in premenopausal women, but more research is needed on its long-term safety and effectiveness.
9 citations,
February 2020 in “International Journal of Endocrinology” Some men with early hair loss may have a male version of PCOS, affecting hormones and increasing health risks.