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The document concludes that treating androgen excess needs patience, managing expectations is important, and many drugs used are not officially approved, suggesting cosmetic options for mild cases.

Tinea corporis and tinea cruris are the most common skin infections in Surabaya, mainly affecting adult women.

Blocking the enzyme 5α-reductase can shrink the prostate and help treat enlarged prostate issues.

Medications have become the main treatment for enlarged prostate symptoms, replacing surgery and watchful waiting.

5α-reductase inhibitors, like finasteride and dutasteride, effectively treat BPH, male baldness, and hirsutism, with potential for acne and prostate cancer prevention.

Early treatment of acne is crucial to prevent scarring and psychological effects.

The authors suggest using scalp hair follicles for beard reconstruction to improve results and reduce surgery time and patient discomfort.

Androgens have complex effects on hair growth, promoting it in some areas but causing hair loss in others, and our understanding of this is still evolving.

SFRP2 boosts Wnt3a/β-catenin signals in hair growth cells, with stronger effects in beard cells than scalp cells.

Different ethnic hair traits must be considered for successful hair restoration surgery to achieve natural-looking results.

Male pattern baldness is caused by certain cells in hair follicles and could potentially be treated by targeting a specific growth factor, TGF-β1.

Certain growth factors regulate hair growth cycles, male hormones affect hair cycles, and drugs like Minoxidil and Finasteride can stimulate hair growth and inhibit male pattern baldness respectively.

Follicular unit extraction is a hair transplant method that can leave small scars and uses various tools for harvesting hair from different body parts.

Pseudofolliculitis barbae is a chronic skin condition affecting mainly African American and Hispanic individuals, caused by shaving tightly curled hair, and managed by prevention and treatment but not curable.

Certain skin conditions are more common in black people due to hair and skin differences.

A man experienced hair loss from radiotherapy, which can be temporary or permanent depending on radiation dose, with potential treatments available.

The document concludes that stopping shaving or removing affected hair can alleviate Pseudofolliculitis barbae (PFB).

A young man was diagnosed with trichoepitheliomas, causing thick skin and hair loss.

Protease Nexin-1 is found in human hair growth cells and is affected by male hormones.

An 80-year-old man's deep beard infection was cured with oral terbinafine after identifying the fungus Trichophyton verrucosum.

Hair loss treatment caused more hair loss in a man.

Aging in hair follicle stem cells leads to hair graying, thinning, and loss.

The article concludes that developing in vitro models for human hair structures is important for research and reducing animal testing, but there are challenges like obtaining suitable samples and the models' limitations.

Human hair follicle cells can grow hair when put into mouse skin if they stay in contact with mouse cells.

Intermediate hair follicles are a better model for studying hair growth and testing hair loss treatments.

Hair follicles are essential for skin health, aiding in hair growth, wound healing, and immune function.

The extract from Bacillus/Trapa japonica fruit helps increase hair growth and could be a potential treatment for hair loss.

Hair grafts can successfully reconstruct a beard on reconstructed jaw skin, improving appearance and patient satisfaction.

Beard hair transplantation is generally satisfying, requires 250-800 grafts, uses FUE to avoid scars, needs careful planning, has some risks, and hair regrowth starts after 4-6 months.

The document concludes that understanding hair follicle biology can lead to better hair loss treatments.