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Children with metabolic syndrome often have skin problems like dark patches, skin tags, stretch marks, infections, acne, and psoriasis, which are linked to obesity and insulin resistance.

Alopecia areata was most common in people in their 30s and 40s, with some family history and a higher relapse rate, and larger bald areas responded better to specific immunotherapy.

Dupilumab can both heal and cause hair loss.

Lysophosphatidic acid affects sensory neurons and may cause neuropathic pain and itch.

Public interest in skin issues changed during COVID-19, with more focus on dry skin, hair problems, and hand eczema.

Autoimmune and metabolic issues are linked, and treating one may worsen another.

Vitamin D is important for skin health, but more research is needed to understand its full effects and treatment potential.

The secretome from mesenchymal stromal cells shows promise for improving facial nerve injury treatment.

The Thai version of the Family Dermatology Life Quality Index is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the quality of life of patients' families.

Melatonin is good for skin health and may help treat skin conditions.

Alopecia areata in children is more common in boys, mainly affects the scalp, and is linked to genetics and psoriasis.

Topical JAK inhibitors can effectively treat alopecia areata and vitiligo by modulating immune responses.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss, influenced by genetics, stress, and diet, and may be prevented by a high soy oil diet.

18β-glycyrrhetinic acid from licorice root is good for skin and hair treatments but has absorption challenges.

New genetic discoveries may lead to better treatments for alopecia areata.

Children with darker skin tones can have specific skin conditions that need tailored treatments.

Alopecia areata is an incurable autoimmune condition causing hair loss, with research aiming for better treatments.

Diagnosing diffuse alopecia, a hair loss condition, can be challenging and may require a scalp biopsy or tracking the disease's progression when symptoms and skin tests aren't enough.

Perilla frutescens, an East Asian plant, contains 400 bioactive compounds that have various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and anticancer effects, and can treat conditions like diabetes, skin allergies, and neurological disorders.

People with Lichen planopilaris are more likely to have certain autoimmune and endocrine disorders but less likely to have conditions like allergies and diabetes.

Microneedles are a promising method for drug delivery, offering efficient and convenient alternatives with fewer side effects.

IL-4 and IL-13 might play a role in a type of hair loss similar to alopecia areata.

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) is a useful tool for studying how drugs interact with skin and diagnosing skin disorders, despite some limitations.

Cannabinoids may help some skin conditions but more research is needed.

Exosomes could be a promising way to help repair skin and treat skin disorders.

Upadacitinib and narrowband UVB effectively treated a child's vitiligo and alopecia areata.

Polymeric microneedles offer a less invasive, long-lasting drug delivery method that improves patient compliance and reduces side effects.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to various skin conditions and could be a target for treatments.

A balanced diet with proteins, vitamins, and minerals is crucial for managing skin disorders.

The document concludes that more local research on African skin and hair is needed despite increased scientific output from Sub-Saharan Africa.