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Testosterone works in different ways, including direct interaction with its receptor, conversion to other hormones for specific effects on genitalia, hair, bones, and muscle, and changes in body fat and sexual function when low.

Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.

Copper deficiency may cause hair loss, and treating it could involve nutrition and hormones.

Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.

Higher enzyme levels found in women with hair loss, suggesting hormone imbalance.

Dihydrotestosterone treatment can help penis growth in boys with 5α-reductase deficiency but doesn't fully normalize size after puberty.

Lack or blocking of SRD5a, a key component in hormone creation, can lead to conditions like pseudohermaphrodism and affect hair growth, bone mass, muscle strength, and reproductive health. More research is needed on its regulation from fertilization to adulthood.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.

Non-hormonal treatments should be used first for sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitors, with hormones as a second option.

Estrogen deficiency, like after menopause or certain surgeries, leads to faster skin aging and health issues.

Androgen replacement therapy can improve libido and mood in women with severe androgen deficiency, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.

Men with early balding showed higher levels of certain genes linked to hair loss and possibly prostate cancer.

Exemestane may protect bones by stimulating osteoblast growth through androgen-related pathways.

Androgen treatment with dihydrotestosterone may help maintain height in patients with 5-α-reductase type 2 deficiency, especially before puberty.

Estrogen therapy can reduce skin aging but has cancer risks.

Androgens are important for normal ovarian function and estrogen production, but may not be the main cause of follicle death.

Testosterone replacement can help menopausal women with various symptoms, but should be used carefully and is not yet officially licensed in the UK for women.

Eurycoma longifolia extract may help increase testosterone levels and reduce andropause symptoms.

The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.

Male hormones and their receptors play a key role in hair loss and skin health, with potential new treatments being explored.

Testosterone replacement may help some postmenopausal women with symptoms like fatigue and low libido, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.

Women with PCOS may take longer to get pregnant but can have a normal family size, and should manage their overall health to reduce long-term health risks.

Menopause reduces skin collagen and elasticity, and while estrogen therapy can help, its risks require careful consideration.

After menopause, women lose a lot of skin collagen, but estrogen replacement might improve skin health.

The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

Nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic condition that can cause early puberty and fertility problems, treated with specific steroids.

Menopause and aging can affect women's quality of life and sexuality, but hormone therapies may help alleviate these issues.

Hormones and their receptors, especially androgens, play a key role in hair growth and disorders like baldness.

Testosterone replacement may improve sexual desire and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.

Genes and hormones cause hair loss, with four genes contributing equally.