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Androgens and androgen receptors are important for metabolic health, affecting how the body uses glucose and fats through mitochondrial function.

A 15-year-old girl with no menstrual period was diagnosed with a genetic condition that makes her body unable to respond to male hormones, leading to female characteristics despite having male genetic makeup.

A 13-year-old girl's masculine symptoms improved after surgery for a rare adrenal tumor that produced male hormones.

A woman's small ovarian tumor causing high androgen levels was missed by several scans but found during surgery.

Testosterone works in different ways, including direct interaction with its receptor, conversion to other hormones for specific effects on genitalia, hair, bones, and muscle, and changes in body fat and sexual function when low.

Androgen-deprivation therapies increase the risk of certain heart conditions, but testosterone treatment may help.

Male hormones can decrease the ability of immune cells to fight bacteria.

Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.

Metformin can help diagnose and treat high testosterone levels in women, often due to insulin resistance rather than a tumor.

Testosterone increases muscle mass regardless of DHT conversion blocking.

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and its active metabolites play a key role in various diseases, and the development of 5α-reductase inhibitors can help treat these conditions.

Male children's genital development issues can be caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors affecting hormone action.

Celtis choseniana may help treat hair loss by reducing androgen effects and boosting hair growth signals.

Family history and elevated DHEA-S levels are linked to more severe hair loss.

Certain gene variations are significantly linked to hair loss, especially in white people.

Finasteride effectively reduces hair loss by decreasing androgen levels.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome tend to have a longer anogenital distance.

The study found no link between baldness patterns and androgen levels in men with benign prostate enlargement or prostate cancer.

SHBG binding properties are unchanged in male liver cirrhosis patients.

Certain Chinese herbs, especially Cacumen platycladi, can promote hair regrowth and reduce hair loss-related hormone levels in mice.

The conclusion is that removing both ovaries is the best treatment for excess male hormones in postmenopausal women, with medication as another option, and managing insulin resistance is important for diagnosis and treatment.

Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are drugs that can control the effects of androgens in different tissues, potentially having fewer side effects and promising for treating various conditions.

The treatment significantly reduced hair growth and male hormone levels in hirsute women.

Guava leaf extract may help treat hair loss and protect cells by blocking certain genes and fighting damaging molecules.

Testosterone replacement can help menopausal women with various symptoms, but should be used carefully and is not yet officially licensed in the UK for women.

The most common skin issues in females with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) are excessive hair growth, hair loss, oily skin, acne, dark skin patches, and skin tags, which may be linked to hormone and insulin levels.

The Free Androgen Index (FAI) is the best indicator of early hair loss in men before age 30.

Men who went through puberty later had lower sperm counts and altered hormone levels, possibly affecting fertility.

Testosterone replacement therapy helps manage deficiency and has various methods, but requires careful monitoring to avoid side effects.

Spironolactone is effective for idiopathic hirsutism but has limited effects on other PCOS symptoms.