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Too much AKR1C3 enzyme causes resistance to finasteride by increasing testosterone.

Androgens like testosterone are important hormones for both men and women, made differently in each sex and affecting the body by regulating genes and quick interactions with cell components.

Testosterone replacement may help post-menopausal women with androgen insufficiency, but more research is needed on its benefits and risks.

Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.

Testosterone therapy aims to treat hormone deficiencies and various conditions safely and effectively, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects.

Taking oral testosterone with finasteride or dutasteride doubles testosterone levels, and food slightly affects it.

New testosterone analogs show promise for male contraception with better activity and potentially fewer side effects.

Androgen conjugates might be better indicators of skin sensitivity to hormones in women with excessive hair growth.

Testosterone replacement may improve sexual desire and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.

Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.

Jagged1 and Epidermal Growth Factor together significantly increased hair growth in mice with androgen-suppressed hair.

A postmenopausal woman's facial redness, acne, and excess hair were caused by too much hormone therapy for insomnia, but improved after stopping the treatment.

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is crucial for conditions like male-pattern baldness and acne, and measuring a byproduct, androstanediol glucuronide, is a better way to assess DHT's effects than DHT blood levels.

Certain changes to the B-ring of androgen receptor ligands can increase their effectiveness for potential treatments of muscle and bone conditions.

Most women with PCOS have high levels of male hormones, and free testosterone is the best marker for this.

Hormonal changes and psychological issues can cause sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Behavioral therapy is recommended first, with hormone replacement helping some symptoms but not libido. Testosterone can improve libido, but its effects on overall sexual function are unclear. Emotional and relationship issues should be addressed before using medication, and the benefits and risks of testosterone supplementation should be considered.

The research found that measuring androgens in urine can give extra information about body metabolism and is linked to androgen levels in the blood, especially in young girls.

The document concludes that careful evaluation is key to diagnose and treat women with hair loss, with tests for thyroid, iron, and hormones as needed.

Blood tests are needed to confirm high male hormone levels in women with PCOS, as physical signs alone are not reliable.

Free Testosterone Index, bioavailable testosterone, and androstenedione are the most accurate for diagnosing excess male hormones in PCOS.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Cell transplantation faces challenges in genitourinary reconstruction, but alternative tissue sources and microencapsulation show promise.

Androgens are important for female fertility and could help in IVF treatment, but also play a role in causing PCOS.

The seeds of Abrus precatorius, when processed, can prevent hair loss more effectively than common treatments.

Women with PCOS have higher levels of certain androgens, which are good at predicting excess hair growth.

New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.

Minocycline may cause hair loss by increasing DHT levels, but finasteride can help counteract this effect.

The document concludes that proper diagnosis and combined treatments are key for hirsutism management, and weight loss may help overweight patients.

Clinical signs of excess male hormones and actual hormone levels in the blood do not always match in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

High testosterone to epitestosterone ratio in hair could predict male-pattern baldness.