June 2024 in “Journal of medicinal chemistry” This study developed a method for designing peptide-based PROTAC drugs using advanced AI models, successfully identifying peptides that bind to specific receptors and incorporating them into a potential transdermal treatment for androgenetic alopecia.
October 2022 in “Biomedicines” In this rat study, offspring from females fertilized by finasteride-treated males showed hyperglycemia and increased hepatic glycogen, linking paternal androgen imbalance to liver issues across generations.
6 citations
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August 2024 in “Steroids”
December 2015 in “University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)” This study showed that regulation of adipose androgen generation via AKR1C3 may contribute to a cycle of hyperinsulinaemia and lipid accumulation in women with PCOS.
January 2026 in “OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)” In this study, researchers presented a novel therapeutic approach for androgenetic alopecia combining AR-PROTAC degradation with regenerative strategies and evaluated the potential of GT20029 as a topical treatment, proposing a three-phase protocol and future research hypotheses.
This study reported that clascoterone cream reduced inflammatory and noninflammatory acne lesions in a trial with 1440 white males and non-pregnant females, showing it was well tolerated in these participants.
3 citations
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October 2025 in “Cancer” This review highlights the potential of PROTACs to transform cancer treatment by selectively degrading oncogenic proteins, overcoming drug resistance, and reducing toxicity; it also discusses challenges in optimizing these therapies for personalized applications.
38 citations
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December 2009 in “Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology” This discussion proposes a model to incorporate patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer into the existing framework by redefining hormone resistance and exploring new therapeutic approaches.
August 2021 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This article discusses the androgenicity of progestins used in hormonal contraceptives and its potential impact on female pattern hair loss, but reports no new clinical findings.
13 citations
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June 2024 in “Frontiers in Genetics” This review examined genetic factors in 46, XY differences/disorders of sex development and found that whole-exome sequencing is more effective than panel sequencing for molecular diagnosis. It identified regional genetic variation and emphasized next-generation sequencing's role in detecting variants related to gonadal and androgen-related genes.
3 citations
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March 2014 in “Turkderm” This article reviews the causes, clinical features, and treatment options for androgenetic alopecia, but provides no new clinical findings.
December 2025 in “ADMET & DMPK” This review synthesizes recent research to propose a precision framework for treating androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata based on genetic insights and pathway biology, highlighting the roles of androgen-receptor signaling, immune dysregulation, and emerging therapies like regenerative medicine and AI-assisted diagnostics.
August 2023 in “Frontiers in Oncology” This review highlights recent advancements in prostate cancer treatments, particularly new drugs targeting signaling pathways and showing promise in clinical trials, but notes the high recurrence rate of castration-resistant cancer post-therapy, requiring ongoing efforts for effective solutions.
129 citations
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January 2004 in “Journal of medicinal chemistry” This study synthesized nonsteroidal ligands as second-generation androgen receptor agonists and identified three compounds with significant anabolic activity and moderate to minimal androgenic activity in vivo.
204 citations
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February 2000 in “Current Medicinal Chemistry” This review discusses the use of antiandrogens like flutamide and its derivatives in prostate cancer treatment and highlights the need for next-generation antiandrogens for improved efficacy; it reports no new clinical results.
65 citations
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November 2019 in “European Journal of Pharmacology” This review discusses the role of anti-androgen therapies in cancer and other diseases and reports no new clinical results, highlighting both old and new generations of anti-androgens.
In this study, the researchers reported that the optimized compound 39 demonstrated potent AR antagonism and favorable pharmacokinetics in a hair-growth mouse model, achieving similar efficacy to pyrilutamide with faster onset and preserved safety, offering promise for next-generation topical AR antagonist development.
June 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This source describes SH‑1 as a next-generation androgen receptor antagonist designed for localized treatment of androgenetic alopecia, aiming to reverse follicular miniaturization while maintaining endocrine balance. Unlike traditional therapies, SH‑1 offers tissue-specific action, avoiding systemic effects.
17 citations
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January 2015 in “MedChemComm” New treatments for prostate cancer are less toxic and show promise, but more research is needed to enhance their effectiveness and reduce side effects.
56 citations
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September 2013 in “Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” This study observed that androgen treatment increased ROS production and TGF-β1 secretion in rat hair follicle dermal papilla cells, suggesting that the androgen-induced TGF-β1 is mediated by ROS.
This study found that the optimized topical AR antagonist 39, derived from 14-P1, demonstrated potent AR antagonism and comparable efficacy to pyrilutamide in a hair-growth mouse model, with a faster onset and favorable safety profile.
In this study, researchers optimized the soft drug AR antagonist 14-P1 to create candidate 39, which demonstrated effective AR antagonism and safety in a hair-growth mouse model, showing similar efficacy to pyrilutamide but with quicker onset and a lower risk of systemic toxicity.
In a hair-growth mouse model, this study reported that the novel AR antagonist candidate 39, derived from structural optimization of 14-P1, achieved similar efficacy to pyrilutamide with faster response and maintained safety, demonstrating potent AR antagonism and favorable pharmacokinetics with lower systemic toxicity risk.
This study found that the optimized AR antagonist compound 39 showed potent hair growth activity with improved safety in mice, suggesting potential for better topical treatments for androgenetic alopecia.
In a mouse hair-growth model, this study found that the optimized compound 39 matched the efficacy of pyrilutamide for androgenic alopecia, with faster response and maintained safety, suggesting it as a promising topical AR antagonist with reduced systemic toxicity risk.
In this study, a dual soft drug design strategy improved the AR antagonist candidate 39, showing potent AR antagonism and good safety in a mouse hair-growth model, with similar efficacy to pyrilutamide but faster response.
This study found that the optimized AR antagonist candidate 39, in a hair-growth mouse model, achieved similar efficacy to pyrilutamide with faster onset and favorable safety, suggesting a promising approach for developing topical treatments with low systemic toxicity for androgenetic alopecia.
This study reports that the newly optimized AR antagonist 39 demonstrated effective hair growth and safety in a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia, showing comparable efficacy to pyrilutamide with faster response and favorable pharmacokinetics, due to innovative structural design and dual metabolic inactivation strategy.
July 2026 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” In this study, candidate compound 39 demonstrated potent androgen receptor antagonism and faster hair-growth efficacy in a mouse model compared to pyrilutamide, while maintaining favorable safety and pharmacokinetic profiles, suggesting potential for topical use in androgenic alopecia.
7 citations
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December 2020 in “Clinics in Dermatology” This article reviews the use of various treatments for alopecia and their potential impact on COVID-19 outcomes, emphasizing the importance of patient registries in generating real-world evidence; it reports no new results.