New Insights Into Molecular Signaling Pathways And Current Advancements In Prostate Cancer Diagnostics And Therapeutics

Prostate adenocarcinoma is a major cause of cancer-related deaths in males, with high mortality rates due to limited effective drugs. Altered metabolic pathways, particularly the androgen receptor (AR) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, promote cancer growth. Therapeutic advancements include drugs inhibiting dihydrotestosterone and PI3K, second-generation AR antagonists, and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Despite initial success, prostate cancer often recurs post-ADT, leading to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Combining ADT with drugs like abiraterone acetate or docetaxel improves survival in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Promising results are seen with PARP inhibitors in clinical trials for mCRPC with DNA repair abnormalities. RISUG adv has shown significant effects against prostate cancer cell lines. The review highlights these advancements and the need to target specific signaling pathways to combat metastasized and castration-resistant prostate cancer.