441 citations,
May 2008 in “British Journal of Pharmacology” Anabolic steroids can build muscle and strength but have risks and need more research on their clinical benefits and side effects.
42 citations,
May 2007 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone can build muscle and bone without enlarging the prostate when a specific enzyme is blocked.
38 citations,
September 2019 in “Chinese Medical Journal” Using steroids can increase the risk of heart problems.
36 citations,
October 2009 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Two new compounds were found to build bone and muscle without affecting reproductive organs and skin oil glands.
34 citations,
September 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can cause skin problems like acne and hair loss in athletes.
21 citations,
February 2021 in “BMJ case reports” Anabolic steroid users may face higher risk of severe COVID-19.
19 citations,
June 2021 in “The world journal of men's health” Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm men's reproductive health and increase the risk of heart problems and death.
16 citations,
August 1992 in “PubMed” Anabolic-androgenic steroids can cause skin issues like acne and oily skin by enlarging oil glands and changing skin oils.
11 citations,
November 2009 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Bolandiol, a synthetic steroid, builds muscle and bone without greatly affecting sex glands, and works differently from other hormones.
9 citations,
March 2019 in “European Journal of Sport Science” New signs like changes in blood markers, physical symptoms, and behavioral shifts may help detect hidden steroid use in athletes.
2 citations,
June 2022 in “대한스포츠의학회지” Anabolic steroids boost muscle growth, SARMs increase muscle mass and bone density without side effects, and myostatin inhibitors block a protein that stops muscle growth, but each has potential risks.
2 citations,
January 2021 in “Cureus” Long-term anabolic steroid use can lead to heart and metabolic health issues.
2 citations,
December 2020 in “Phytomedicine plus” Taking Saw palmetto and Pygeum africana can change the levels of certain steroids in urine, which could cause confusion in doping tests.
2 citations,
January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Testosterone and its metabolites have varied effects on different body systems, especially during puberty.
2 citations,
September 1971 in “Metabolism, clinical and experimental” Dihydrotestosterone has a reduced effect on muscle-building in people with testicular feminization syndrome, especially after their gonads are removed.
1 citations,
January 2015 in “Hair therapy & transplantation” Some supplements and hormones can increase hair loss by raising DHT levels.
March 2024 in “Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Science” Nandrolone decanoate damages the heart, liver, and kidneys.
August 2023 in “Medicina-lithuania” Abusing steroids can damage your heart, muscles, reproductive system, liver, skin, and brain, and may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
July 2023 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Anabolic-androgenic steroids harm male hormone levels, sperm, metabolism, and can cause acne, hair loss, and breast growth.
January 2018 in “Medicinski pregled” Using high doses and multiple drugs with steroids is risky and should be prevented.
September 2017 in “Springer eBooks” Certain supplements, like whey protein isolate and growth hormones, can worsen hair loss.
March 2017 in “Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Abuse of anabolic steroids in Iraqi athletes leads to negative effects on hormones, liver and kidney function, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels.
15 citations,
August 2016 in “Current Urology Reports” Nandrolone and oxandrolone could help treat male health issues like muscle loss and low testosterone.
11 citations,
May 2009 in “Medical Hypotheses” Male pattern baldness is an unintended side effect of the body's use of androgens for muscle growth, especially in those genetically prone to it.
61 citations,
September 1970 in “Journal of the American Geriatrics Society” Anabolic steroids may help prevent aging effects by reducing toxicity, not by their usual functions.
25 citations,
June 2017 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Using anabolic androgenic steroids can cause serious, lasting health problems in many parts of the body.
7 citations,
February 2006 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Using anabolic steroids 'Sus' and 'Deca' for bodybuilding caused severe acne in a man.
129 citations,
January 2004 in “Journal of medicinal chemistry” Researchers developed new compounds that target the androgen receptor effectively with fewer side effects.
124 citations,
March 2012 in “JAMA” Testosterone's muscle-building effects do not require its conversion to DHT.
103 citations,
June 2006 in “British journal of sports medicine” The document concludes that better biomarkers are needed to detect long-term oral testosterone use in athletes.