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A 14-year-old girl with no menstrual period was diagnosed with Swyer Syndrome and treated for a related cancer risk.

5α-reductase-2 deficiency causes ambiguous genitalia at birth and affects male sexual development, but individuals often develop male characteristics at puberty.

Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, affecting sexual development.

Finasteride use may cause sperm damage and infertility, stopping it can improve sperm health.

Dihydrotestosterone treatment can help penis growth in boys with 5α-reductase deficiency but doesn't fully normalize size after puberty.

A new mutation linked to partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and prostate cancer was found in a patient unhappy with their female gender assignment.

A Saudi individual initially identified as a girl had a genetic disorder affecting gender development.

Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.

The Naked (N) trait in mice is linked to lower glycine and tyrosine in hair proteins.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.

The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.

Hormone therapy is essential for transgender individuals but requires careful management due to possible metabolic effects.

Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.

The conclusion is that published guidelines are improving transgender medical care, but more research and education in transgender medicine are needed.

DHT, a testosterone byproduct, causes male pattern baldness.

Natural 5α-reduced glucocorticoids might be anti-inflammatory with fewer side effects than current options.

Gonadal dysgenesis, like Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes, negatively affects bone health, but hormone treatments can help.

Finasteride may cause male infertility, stopping it can help.

The document concludes that identifying the cause of amenorrhea is crucial for proper treatment.

A male with aromatase deficiency improved bone health with estradiol treatment.

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors may cause a low incidence of erectile dysfunction that decreases over time.

Steroidogenic isoenzymes may help improve treatments for common hair loss.

Finasteride irreversibly affects human steroid 5α-reductase 2, providing insight into its catalytic mechanism and disease-related mutations.

Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

Infertile men are more likely to produce sperm with abnormal chromosome numbers, which can affect pregnancy success and embryo health.

Finasteride may negatively affect male fertility.

Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

The document says menstruation is important for women's health, discusses menstrual disorders, and suggests personalized treatment options.