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Glossary Androgen Receptor

protein in cells that binds male hormones to regulate genes

The androgen receptor (AR) is a type of protein found inside cells that binds to androgens, which are male hormones like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. This binding activates the receptor, allowing it to enter the cell nucleus and influence the expression of specific genes, playing a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male characteristics, as well as in conditions like androgenic alopecia (male pattern baldness).

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Research

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research Structural Characterization and Ligand Specific Protein Interactions of Androgen Receptor

March 2008 in “The Knowledge Bank (The Ohio State University)”

This study found that AR-007 degrades faster and has a stronger association with hsp70 than AR-014, suggesting it is less stable when bound to the androgen receptor.

research Up-regulation of androgen receptor by heat shock protein 27 and miR-1 induces pathogenesis of androgenic alopecia.

January 2022 in “PubMed”

This study investigates the role of AR up-regulation in the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia, but it remains unclear if HSP27 and miR-1 are jointly involved.

research Androgen receptor in rat liver: Characterization and separation from a male-specific estrogen-binding protein

24 citations , January 1989 in “Archives of biochemistry and biophysics”

This study found that androgen binding in male rat livers involves specific androgen receptors, which decrease with castration and are inducible in female livers with testosterone.

research Androgen Receptors and Androgen-Dependent Initiation of Protein Synthesis in the Prostate

59 citations , January 1976 in “Vitamins and hormones”

This chapter discusses androgen receptors and protein synthesis in the prostate, reporting that DHT-dependent receptor protein translocation increases protein-synthesizing activity after androgen injection in rat models.

research The Transcriptional Co-Activator cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein-Binding Protein Is Expressed in Prostate Cancer and Enhances Androgen- and Anti-Androgen-Induced Androgen Receptor Function

72 citations , January 2003 in “American Journal of Pathology”

This study found that the co-activator CBP enhances the agonistic action of hydroxyflutamide on androgen receptors, suggesting a mechanism for therapy resistance in prostate cancer.

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Community Join

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community Hi-c5 protein, explains why the mechanical tension theory may be correct.

22 upvotes 1 month ago

Hair loss may be influenced by mechanical tension and inflammation, with the hi-c5 protein amplifying androgen effects, leading to follicle miniaturization. Treatments like finasteride, minoxidil, and scalp massages are suggested to manage hair loss.

community Minoxidil is a 5ar inhibitor according to research

150 upvotes 11 months ago

Minoxidil may inhibit androgen receptors and affect hormonal pathways, potentially explaining its effectiveness in treating androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Users discuss its varying effectiveness on scalp versus facial hair and note fewer side effects with topical use compared to oral.

community AH-001 another topical AR degrader beside GT20029, completed Phase I

8 upvotes 10 months ago

AH-001 is a new topical treatment designed to degrade androgen receptors, targeting the root cause of androgenetic alopecia without the side effects of oral treatments like finasteride. It has shown a strong safety profile and good local tolerability in early trials.

community Why Fin/Dut Isn't Working for You GPR133: a new hairloss mechanism + Steroid Hair Loss Deep Dive

6 upvotes 2 months ago

Hair loss may be linked to the GPR133 receptor, independent of the androgen receptor pathway. Treatments like finasteride, dutasteride, minoxidil, RU58841, and KX-826 show varying results, with hair loss persisting due to high testosterone and GPR133's role.

community GT20029 China Phase II Trial For AGA Reached Primary Endpoint

133 upvotes 2 years ago

The GT20029 tincture, a topical androgen receptor degrader, showed significant hair growth and good safety in a China Phase II trial for male androgenetic alopecia (AGA), with the 1% dose twice weekly identified as optimal. The company plans to initiate Phase III trials in China and Phase II in the U.S., and the treatment also shows promise for acne.

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Learn

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learn GT20029

Experimental topical drug designed to break down androgen receptors

What is GT20029 and how does it work as a topical anti-androgen for hair loss? GT20029 is an investigational topical androgen-receptor degrader. One 12-week Phase II trial in 180 Chinese men found two of four regimens beat placebo on hair count; it is not approved or available.

learn Clascoterone

Topical androgen-receptor blocker, approved as an acne cream

What is clascoterone and how does it work against hair loss? Clascoterone blocks androgen receptors in the skin. It is approved only for acne; a scalp solution is still investigational for hair loss.

learn Cyproterone

a synthetic anti-androgen and weak progestogen that inhibits DHT binding to androgen receptor

learn Fluridil

How is Fluridil different from other DHT blockers like finasteride? Fluridil is a topical androgen-receptor blocker applied to the scalp, while finasteride is an oral 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor that lowers DHT throughout the body. Finasteride is FDA-approved and far better studied; Fluridil rests on one 43-man trial and is not licensed as a hair-loss medicine, so its long-term safety and effect size are unknown.

learn Bicalutamide

Nonsteroidal anti-androgen, originally a prostate cancer drug

Can bicalutamide stop DHT from shrinking your hair follicles? Bicalutamide blocks androgens at the receptor rather than lowering DHT, and some dermatologists prescribe it off-label for women with pattern hair loss, although its US label says it should not be used in women. The one randomised trial (74 women, 2025) found it added no benefit to oral minoxidil, and the drug needs liver monitoring because its label warns of severe and fatal liver injury; it is contraindicated in pregnancy.

learn KX-826

Kintor Pharmaceutical: KX-826, a New Name in Hair Loss Research KX-826 (pyrilutamide) is an experimental topical androgen receptor blocker from Kintor Pharmaceutical and is not approved as a medicine anywhere. Its first China Phase III trial did not beat placebo; the company reported in March 2026 that a later Phase III of a 1.0% formulation met its primary endpoint, but these results are company announcements, not peer-reviewed, and long-term safety is unknown.

learn Pyrilutamide

Experimental topical anti-androgen, also known as KX-826

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