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Glossary Androgen Receptor

protein in cells that binds male hormones to regulate genes

The androgen receptor (AR) is a type of protein found inside cells that binds to androgens, which are male hormones like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. This binding activates the receptor, allowing it to enter the cell nucleus and influence the expression of specific genes, playing a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male characteristics, as well as in conditions like androgenic alopecia (male pattern baldness).

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Research

5 / 1000+ results

research Androgen Biosynthesis and Gene Defects

November 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks”

This article reviews the clinical and biochemical features of genetic mutations affecting dihydrotestosterone production and their potential role in male pseudo-hermaphroditism, but presents no new clinical results.

research [G-proteins, receptor signal transduction, and growth hormone secretion].

March 1993 in “PubMed”

This review discusses the clinical forms and causes of androgenization in women, as well as therapeutic options, reporting success with antiandrogens like cyproterone acetate and spironolactone for skin symptoms, though results are not permanent.

research A smart deoxyribozyme-based fluorescent sensor for in vitro detection of androgen receptor mRNA

1 citations , May 2020 in “Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry”

This study developed a novel smart deoxyribozyme-based fluorescent sensor that efficiently detects androgen receptor mRNA with high selectivity and can be adapted to target various nucleic acid sequences.

research Different phenotypes in a family with androgen insensitivity caused by the same M780I point mutation in the androgen receptor gene.

78 citations , August 1996 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

This study reports that the same androgen receptor gene mutation within a family can lead to both complete and partial androgen insensitivity syndromes, suggesting that genetic defects alone may not predict clinical phenotype.

research Index of Suspicion

September 2006 in “Pediatrics in Review”

This case report highlights a 16-year-old girl with primary amenorrhea diagnosed with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome after chromosomal analysis revealed a 46,XY karyotype.

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Community Join

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community Bicalutamide effect on androgens?

5 upvotes 5 years ago

Bicalutamide blocks androgen receptors, preventing testosterone and DHT from binding, which can help with hair loss but may cause feminization. It is not recommended for those who do not want feminization effects.

community Why Fin/Dut Isn't Working for You GPR133: a new hairloss mechanism + Steroid Hair Loss Deep Dive

6 upvotes 2 months ago

Hair loss may be linked to the GPR133 receptor, independent of the androgen receptor pathway. Treatments like finasteride, dutasteride, minoxidil, RU58841, and KX-826 show varying results, with hair loss persisting due to high testosterone and GPR133's role.

community Possible transgenerational effects of finasteride use on male offspring? (STUDY)

in Research/Science 27 upvotes 4 months ago

Finasteride may affect male offspring's fertility and hormonal balance, with debates on whether to discontinue use before conception. Some users report no issues, while others highlight the high doses used in rat studies.

community Waiting to start treatment until Kintor KX-826 Phase 2 data is published?

17 upvotes 4 years ago

People are waiting for KX-826 (Pyrilutamide) Phase 2 data to decide on hair loss treatments, with some considering finasteride or minoxidil in the meantime. Pyrilutamide is seen as a potentially stronger and safer alternative to finasteride, but concerns about side effects and availability remain.

community Amplifica Sees Positive Results for Hair Loss Treatment - Results Show 15% increase in 60 days!

103 upvotes 1 year ago

Amplifica's new injectable treatment for androgenetic alopecia shows a 15% increase in hair thickness and coarseness in 60 days. The treatment is in early human trials and offers a promising alternative to hormone-related hair loss treatments.

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Learn

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learn Clascoterone

Topical androgen-receptor blocker, approved as an acne cream

What is clascoterone and how does it work against hair loss? Clascoterone blocks androgen receptors in the skin. It is approved only for acne; a scalp solution is still investigational for hair loss.

learn GT20029

Experimental topical drug designed to break down androgen receptors

What is GT20029 and how does it work as a topical anti-androgen for hair loss? GT20029 is an investigational topical androgen-receptor degrader. One 12-week Phase II trial in 180 Chinese men found two of four regimens beat placebo on hair count; it is not approved or available.

learn Cyproterone

a synthetic anti-androgen and weak progestogen that inhibits DHT binding to androgen receptor

learn Fluridil

How is Fluridil different from other DHT blockers like finasteride? Fluridil is a topical androgen-receptor blocker applied to the scalp, while finasteride is an oral 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor that lowers DHT throughout the body. Finasteride is FDA-approved and far better studied; Fluridil rests on one 43-man trial and is not licensed as a hair-loss medicine, so its long-term safety and effect size are unknown.

learn Bicalutamide

Nonsteroidal anti-androgen, originally a prostate cancer drug

Can bicalutamide stop DHT from shrinking your hair follicles? Bicalutamide blocks androgens at the receptor rather than lowering DHT, and some dermatologists prescribe it off-label for women with pattern hair loss, although its US label says it should not be used in women. The one randomised trial (74 women, 2025) found it added no benefit to oral minoxidil, and the drug needs liver monitoring because its label warns of severe and fatal liver injury; it is contraindicated in pregnancy.

learn KX-826

Kintor Pharmaceutical: KX-826, a New Name in Hair Loss Research KX-826 (pyrilutamide) is an experimental topical androgen receptor blocker from Kintor Pharmaceutical and is not approved as a medicine anywhere. Its first China Phase III trial did not beat placebo; the company reported in March 2026 that a later Phase III of a 1.0% formulation met its primary endpoint, but these results are company announcements, not peer-reviewed, and long-term safety is unknown.

learn Pyrilutamide

Experimental topical anti-androgen, also known as KX-826

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