The Skin Microbiome: Current Landscape and Future Opportunities

February 2023 in “ International Journal of Molecular Sciences ”

Paisleigh Smythe, Holly N. Wilkinson

skin microbiome microbial communities bacteria fungi viruses archaea intrinsic aging extrinsic aging microbial diversity next-generation sequencing probiotics bacteria-derived treatments microbial dysbiosis

Studysummary This review discusses the relationship between skin microbiome changes and conditions such as ageing and skin disease, emphasizing the need for further research, but reports no new findings.

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research Commensal Microbiome Promotes Hair Follicle Regeneration by Inducing Keratinocyte HIF-1α Signaling and Glutamine Metabolism

1 citations , January 2023 in “Science Advances”

This study found that bacterially induced metabolic changes in stem cells can enhance skin and hair follicle regeneration in both mice and humans, suggesting potential strategies for improving recovery after injury.

research Bacteria Induce Skin Regeneration via IL-1β Signaling

53 citations , April 2021 in “Cell Host & Microbe”

This study found that skin microbiota, particularly in wild-type mice, promotes wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis and wound healing, highlighting the potential downsides of routine antibiotic use on skin regeneration.

research Staphylococcus Aureus Enters Hair Follicles Using Triacylglycerol Lipases Preserved Through the Genus Staphylococcus

7 citations , March 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

In this study, the authors observed that Staphylococcus aureus lipase gehB is crucial for bacterial penetration of hair follicles in mice, implicating lipases in inflammation and skin damage.

research Wound Healing: Cellular Mechanisms and Pathological Outcomes

1425 citations , September 2020 in “Open Biology”

This review explores the cellular mechanisms of tissue repair and discusses how advancements in understanding wound pathology could lead to the development of more effective therapies for chronic, non-healing wounds, which are prevalent among individuals with diabetes and aging.

research The Dynamics of the Skin’s Immune System

306 citations , April 2019 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This review discusses the protective roles of skin-resident immune cells in maintaining tissue homeostasis and facilitating wound healing, but reports no new experimental findings.

Short-Chain Fatty Acids from Cutibacterium Acnes Activate Both a Canonical and Epigenetic Inflammatory Response in Human Sebocytes

research Short-Chain Fatty Acids from Cutibacterium Acnes Activate Both a Canonical and Epigenetic Inflammatory Response in Human Sebocytes

70 citations , February 2019 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology”

This study found that short-chain fatty acids produced by the skin microbe Propionibacterium acnes may drive inflammatory gene expression in sebocytes, potentially contributing to acne.

research Tissue Engineering of Human Hair Follicles Using a Biomimetic Developmental Approach

184 citations , December 2018 in “Nature Communications”

This study demonstrated that enhancing human skin constructs with hair follicles through engineered cell organization and vascularization improved hair growth in immunodeficient mice, suggesting potential advances for treating alopecia and chronic wounds.

research Skin Wound Healing in Humans and Mice: Challenges in Translational Research

276 citations , December 2017 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

This review discusses the limitations of animal models, particularly mice, in accurately predicting human skin wound healing outcomes and emphasizes understanding species-specific differences in skin characteristics for better translation to clinical settings.

research The Role Of Estrogen In Cutaneous Aging And Repair

158 citations , June 2017 in “Maturitas”

This review discusses the role of estrogen deficiency in post-menopausal skin aging and wound healing, highlighting opportunities for developing estrogen receptor-targeted therapies and reports no new clinical results.

research Commensal Microbes and Hair Follicle Morphogenesis Coordinately Drive Treg Migration into Neonatal Skin

192 citations , March 2017 in “Cell host & microbe”

The researchers reported that hair follicle development and commensal microbe colonization promote the accumulation of regulatory T cells in neonatal skin, with the Ccl20-Ccr6 pathway playing a key role in this process.

research The Immunology of the Porcine Skin and Its Value as a Model for Human Skin

353 citations , November 2014 in “Molecular immunology”

This review discusses the immune functions of porcine skin and proposes a classification of dendritic cell subsets based on similarities to human skin, but it reports no new clinical results.

research Markers of Epidermal Stem Cell Subpopulations in Adult Mammalian Skin

96 citations , July 2014 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine”

This review discusses various stem cell compartments in adult murine and human epidermis, examining their expressed markers and characterization assays, and reports no new experimental results.

research Skin And Hair On-A-Chip: In Vitro Skin Models Versus Ex Vivo Tissue Maintenance With Dynamic Perfusion

208 citations , January 2013 in “Lab on a Chip”

The researchers described a chip-based bioreactor platform for dynamic perfusion, which may enhance in vitro skin models by introducing mechanical shear stress and extending culture periods.

research Identification of Stem Cell Populations in Sweat Glands and Ducts Reveals Roles in Homeostasis and Wound Repair

265 citations , July 2012 in “Cell”

This study found multipotent progenitors in sweat ducts that become unipotent after sweat gland development, highlighting distinct regenerative capabilities in adult glandular skin stem cell populations.

research Keratin Gene Mutations in Disorders of Human Skin and Its Appendages

185 citations , December 2010 in “Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics”

Keratin gene mutations cause various skin and hair disorders, but new research offers hope for future treatments.

research Sebum Free Fatty Acids Enhance the Innate Immune Defense of Human Sebocytes by Upregulating Beta-Defensin-2 Expression

195 citations , December 2009 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that sebum free fatty acids may enhance the antibacterial defense of human sebaceous glands by upregulating the expression of the antimicrobial peptide hBD-2, potentially aiding in acne treatment.

research Stem Cells in the Hair Follicle Bulge Contribute to Wound Repair but Not to Homeostasis of the Epidermis

1279 citations , November 2005 in “Nature Medicine”