The Role of JAK Inhibitors in Alopecia Areata: Literature Review

December 2022 in “ Revista Medicina Cutánea Ibero-Latino-Americana ”

Alba Cicero‐Casarrubias, Óscar Muñoz-Moreno-Arrones

JAK inhibitors JAK/STAT pathway alopecia areata systemic inhibitors topical inhibitors autoimmune disease

La revisión aborda el papel de los inhibidores de la vía JAK/STAT en el tratamiento de la alopecia areata (AA), una enfermedad autoinmune crónica. Se encontró que los inhibidores sistémicos de esta vía muestran una eficacia moderada con pocos eventos adversos, aunque la recurrencia es alta tras la suspensión del tratamiento. Los inhibidores tópicos, sin embargo, parecen ser menos eficaces. Se destaca la necesidad de ensayos clínicos de alta calidad para confirmar estos hallazgos y mejorar los objetivos de tratamiento.

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Research cited in this study

16 / 16 results

research A Comprehensive Literature Review of JAK Inhibitors in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

40 citations , June 2021 in “Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology”

JAK inhibitors show promise in effectively treating hair loss from alopecia areata.

research Selective Inhibition of JAK3 Signaling Is Sufficient to Reverse Alopecia Areata

42 citations , April 2021 in “JCI insight”

Blocking JAK3 signaling can reverse hair loss from alopecia areata.

research A Phase 2a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of the Oral Janus Kinase Inhibitors Ritlecitinib and Brepocitinib in Alopecia Areata: 24-Week Results

138 citations , March 2021 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Ritlecitinib and brepocitinib effectively regrow hair in alopecia areata patients.

research The Effect of JAK Inhibitor on Survival, Anagen Re-Entry, and Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Restoration in Human Dermal Papilla Cells

16 citations , July 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Ruxolitinib may help treat hair loss by reducing inflammation, promoting hair growth signals, and protecting hair follicle immunity.

research Hair Follicle Immune Privilege and Its Collapse in Alopecia Areata

134 citations , July 2020 in “Experimental dermatology”

Hair follicles are normally protected from the immune system, but when this protection fails, it can cause hair loss in alopecia areata.

research Pathomechanisms of Immune-Mediated Alopecia

45 citations , April 2019 in “International Immunology”

The study concluded that immune cells attacking hair follicles cause hair loss in alopecia, with genetics and environment also playing a role, and highlighted the potential of certain treatments.

research JAK Inhibitors for Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

130 citations , February 2019 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

JAK inhibitors are effective for treating alopecia areata, with most patients seeing hair growth after treatment.

research Janus Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Severe Alopecia Areata: An Open-Label Comparative Study

66 citations , December 2018 in “Dermatology”

Both ruxolitinib and tofacitinib are effective and safe for treating severe alopecia areata, but relapses are common.

research JAK Inhibitors: New Players in the Field of Immune-Mediated Diseases Beyond Rheumatoid Arthritis

223 citations , September 2018 in “Rheumatology”

JAK inhibitors are effective in treating various immune-related diseases, not just rheumatoid arthritis.

research Treatment of Alopecia Universalis with Topical Janus Kinase Inhibitors – A Double Blind, Placebo, and Active Controlled Pilot Study

49 citations , August 2018 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

Topical JAK inhibitors may help treat alopecia universalis by promoting hair regrowth.

research Role of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

53 citations , July 2018 in “Drug design, development and therapy”

Janus kinase inhibitors show promise in treating alopecia areata but need better topical formulations.

An Open-Label Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Tofacitinib in Moderate to Severe Patch-Type Alopecia Areata, Totalis, and Universalis

research An Open-Label Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Tofacitinib in Moderate to Severe Patch-Type Alopecia Areata, Totalis, and Universalis

130 citations , February 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Tofacitinib may help treat severe hair loss, but more research is needed.

research Safety and Efficacy of the JAK Inhibitor Tofacitinib Citrate in Patients with Alopecia Areata

222 citations , September 2016 in “JCI insight”

Tofacitinib is safe and effective for severe alopecia areata, but hair loss may return 2 months after stopping treatment.

research Oral Ruxolitinib Induces Hair Regrowth in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Alopecia Areata

196 citations , September 2016 in “JCI insight”

Ruxolitinib effectively regrows hair in most patients with severe hair loss.

research Inhibiting Janus Kinases to Treat Alopecia Areata

52 citations , September 2014 in “Nature medicine”

JAK inhibitors might help treat alopecia areata.

research Alopecia Areata Is Driven by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Is Reversed by JAK Inhibition

701 citations , August 2014 in “Nature medicine”

Alopecia areata can be reversed by JAK inhibitors, promoting hair regrowth.

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Key treatments for hair preservation include minoxidil, finasteride/dutasteride, and microneedling, with additional options like specific shampoos, oils, biotin, zinc, tretinoin, clascoterone, and low-level laser therapy. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, reducing stress, and addressing nutrient deficiencies can also support hair health.

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The conversation is about whether it is safe to take Xeljanz, a JAK inhibitor, while also taking finasteride for hair loss. The concern is that Xeljanz weakens the immune system, which could be risky.

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A 20-year-old user experienced worsening hair loss despite using various treatments including topical and oral minoxidil, finasteride, and dutasteride. Other users suggested additional treatments like JAK inhibitors, RU58841, and lifestyle changes, but the user remains skeptical and frustrated.

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