TLDR Retinoic acid production and signaling in hair follicles are regulated by location and timing, affecting hair growth and cycling.
The study investigated the localization of enzymes, binding proteins, and receptors involved in retinoic acid (RA) synthesis and signaling during the hair cycle in C57BL/6J mice. It found that the RA biosynthesis pathway, including cellular retinol-binding protein, retinol dehydrogenase, retinal dehydrogenase 1-3, and cellular RA-binding protein 2, was present in various layers of the hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and interfollicular epidermis in a hair cycle-dependent manner. This suggests that RA biosynthesis is regulated spatially and temporally within the hair follicle, influencing hair growth, differentiation, and cycling. The study also provided new insights into epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and the differentiation states within the RA pathway, as well as the nuclear versus cytoplasmic localization of Crabp2 and RA receptors.
384 citations,
June 2005 in “Genes & development” β-catenin is essential for stem cell activation and proliferation in hair follicles.
92 citations,
June 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” All-trans retinoic acid causes hair loss by increasing TGF-β2 in hair follicle cells.
463 citations,
September 2004 in “Clinics in dermatology” Effective acne treatments should reduce sebum, bacteria, and inflammation, with isotretinoin being the best for severe cases.
29 citations,
July 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The enzymes Aldh1a2 and Aldh1a3 are involved in making retinoic acid in hair follicles and have different roles in hair growth.
277 citations,
June 2003 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions control hair growth cycles through specific molecular signals.
232 citations,
January 2002 in “Mechanisms of development” Different enzymes are active in different parts of developing mouse organs.
211 citations,
October 2001 in “The FASEB Journal” Noggin is necessary to start the hair growth phase in skin after birth.
29 citations,
April 2000 in “Journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry/The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry” ICAM-1 helps regulate hair growth cycles and skin remodeling.
271 citations,
March 1999 in “Developmental biology” The research shows that a gene called Wnt3 affects hair growth and structure, causing short hair and balding when overactive.
21 citations,
May 2022 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” Hair growth and health are influenced by factors like age, environment, and nutrition, and are controlled by various molecular pathways. Red light can promote hair growth, and understanding these processes can help treat hair-related diseases.
21 citations,
May 2016 in “Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine” The study investigated the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) during the hair cycle in mice. It found that MMP-2 and MMP-9 had elevated mRNA and protein expression levels during the anagen phase and decreased levels during the catagen and telogen phases. Their activities fluctuated throughout the hair cycle. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression levels were negatively correlated with MMP-9 and MMP-2, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were present in all hair follicle structures, while MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were localized to specific areas. These findings suggested that MMP-2 and MMP-9 played significant roles in the hair growth cycle.
April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Wnt ligands, produced by dermal papilla cells, are essential for adult hair growth and regeneration.
