A Homozygous Missense Mutation in the Fibroblast Growth Factor 5 Gene Is Associated with the Long-Hair Trait in Angora Rabbits

The study identified a homozygous missense mutation (T19234C) in the fibroblast growth factor 5 (Fgf5) gene associated with the long-hair trait in Angora rabbits. This mutation results in a leucine to serine substitution at residue 191 (p. L191S), impairing the binding of FGF5 to its receptor FGFR1, which likely contributes to the prolonged anagen phase and longer hair. The mutation was present in all tested Angora rabbits but not in New Zealand and Rex rabbits. The research involved whole-genome sequencing of 18 rabbits and validation with 135 additional samples, providing insights into the genetic basis of hair length and potential applications in breeding programs.