Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals the Molecular Basis of Genetic Variation of Important Economic Traits in Cashmere Goats on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

This study conducted a genome-wide analysis of Qaidam Cashmere goats, which thrive in the harsh conditions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, to uncover the genetic basis of their economic traits. By re-sequencing 10 high-altitude Chinese indigenous goat breeds and comparing them with low-altitude goats, researchers identified 1,277 selection regions linked to wool fiber traits, reproductive performance, and high-altitude adaptation. Key candidate genes associated with these traits include IGFBP3, TNF, and ROCK1 for cashmere fiber, CAMK2D and IL-18 for reproduction, POMC for body size, and TH and HIF1A for hypoxic adaptation. This research offers valuable insights for the genetic improvement of goat breeds.