Goat Genomic Resources: The Search for Genes Associated with Its Economic Traits

The review explored the genetic basis of economically important traits in goats, identifying over 271 candidate genes related to growth, reproduction, milk production, wool, and disease resistance. It highlighted the role of these genes in physiological pathways and phenotype expression, with some showing pleiotropic effects. Whole-genome sequences and annotated gene data facilitated the identification of genetic markers, aiding in genetic improvement and breeding programs. Specific genes were linked to traits like body weight gain, milk production, prolificacy, disease resistance, and adaptation to environmental conditions. The study emphasized the potential of molecular genetics to enhance breeding accuracy and economic viability in goat farming, while also noting the underutilization of advanced genetic techniques like CRISPR-Cas9.