The Potential Role of Exosomes in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery: A Review of Current Literature

Exosomes, nanosized biovesicles released from cells, have shown potential in aesthetic plastic surgery, especially in skin rejuvenation, scar revision, hair restoration, and fat graft survival. They are believed to act on oxidative stress and inflammaging pathways, impacting the extracellular matrix and collagen. In hair restoration, exosomes have been found to induce and prolong the anagen phase, leading to hair growth, and stimulate the growth of dermal papilla cells, key to hair follicle development. A clinical trial showed that exosome treatment for 12 weeks increased hair density and thickness without side effects. Despite these promising results, no exosome-based products are currently FDA-approved. The review concludes that further studies, including large randomized controlled trials, are needed to fully understand the potential impact and benefits of exosomes.