Recombinant Human Annexin A5 Ameliorates Localized Scleroderma by Inhibiting the Activation of Fibroblasts and Macrophages

    July 2025 in “ Pharmaceutics ”
    Bijun Kang, Zhuoxuan Jia, Wei Li, Wenjie Zhang
    TLDR Recombinant Human Annexin A5 may help treat localized scleroderma by reducing skin thickening and inflammation.
    Recombinant Human Annexin A5 (AnxA5) shows promise in treating localized scleroderma (LoS) by inhibiting fibroblast and macrophage activation. In vitro studies demonstrated that AnxA5 significantly reduced myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix production in TGF-β-stimulated dermal fibroblasts by inhibiting Smad2 phosphorylation. In vivo experiments using bleomycin-induced LoS mouse models revealed that both preventative and therapeutic AnxA5 administration decreased dermal thickness, collagen deposition, ECM accumulation, M1 macrophage infiltration, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. These findings suggest that AnxA5 has dual anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects, highlighting its potential as a treatment for fibrotic diseases.
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