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Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

High levels of male hormones, insulin resistance, and obesity are closely linked and worsen polycystic ovary syndrome, but more research is needed to improve treatments.

Patients with certain skin symptoms and high ANA titers should be monitored for potential systemic lupus.

K_ATP channel gene mutations are linked to heart diseases, but more research is needed to understand the connection and treatment potential.

No consistent link between genotype and phenotype in 5-α-Reductase type 2 deficiency.

Researchers found that certain RNA molecules might play a role in the growth of Cashmere goat hair.

Some skin medications can harm male fertility, but they don't seem to cause birth defects from father's exposure.

The document concludes that various childhood hair and nail disorders exist, some may improve on their own, and advances in genetics and immunology could enhance treatment and counseling.

A mutation in the HR gene causes a rare form of irreversible hair loss in two Kashmiri families. Whole exome sequencing is effective for finding such mutations.

The conclusion is that the nuclear lamina and LINC complex in skin cells respond to mechanical signals, affecting gene expression and cell differentiation, which is important for skin health and can impact skin diseases.

A new TP63 mutation was found in a baby with EEC syndrome, showing the need for TREC testing to check for immune issues.

New treatments for Alopecia Areata show promise but need to be more effective and affordable.

The document concludes that early diagnosis and treatment of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia are crucial for preventing serious health issues and improving patient outcomes.

Certain drugs that block specific enzymes can help treat prostate diseases.

The protein StAR is found in 17 different organs and can affect hair loss and brain functions, but its full role is not yet fully understood.

The S100A4 protein is more common in psoriatic skin and could be a target for treating psoriasis.

Beard and scalp hair cells have different gene expressions, which may affect beard growth characteristics.

A male with aromatase deficiency improved bone health with estradiol treatment.

Researchers created a new mouse model for studying Citrullinemia Type I and similar conditions, showing symptoms and treatment responses like those in humans.

Certain HSD3B1 gene types are linked to worse prostate cancer outcomes and affect treatment response and other health conditions.

Genetic variants linked to ten skin diseases were found, showing both immune and non-immune factors play a role.

Hormonal treatment is effective for women with acne not helped by usual treatments, especially if they have hormonal imbalances.

Sex neurosteroids cause different effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity in males and females.

DHT affects hair follicle cells by changing microRNA levels, leading to less cell growth and more cell death.

Interferons are effective for some skin conditions and cancers, but can have side effects and need more research for optimal use.

The conclusion is that skin and hair patterns are formed by a mix of cell activities, molecular signals, and environmental factors.

Over 67 genes linked to ichthyosis help improve diagnosis and treatment.

COVID-19 may harm male fertility and damage the reproductive system.

Leptin affects skin and hair health and may worsen some skin conditions, but more research is needed to understand its full impact.

Wnt7a protein is crucial for development and tissue maintenance and plays varying roles in diseases and potential treatments.