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PDGF-BB helps young melanocytes grow but stops mature ones from growing, and it makes melanocytes more specialized.

PKC ε increases hair follicle stem cell turnover and may raise skin cancer risk.

Actinic superficial folliculitis is a unique skin condition caused by intense heat and sweating.

HO-1 helps skin health and healing but can worsen melanoma; it's a potential treatment target for skin diseases.

New targeted therapies for hair loss from alopecia areata show promise, with personalized treatment expected in the future.

Fractional laser treatment helped hair regrowth in patients with alopecia areata.

Topical calcineurin inhibitors, especially 0.1% tacrolimus ointment, are effective and well-tolerated for treating cutaneous lupus erythematosus but require more research for standard treatment guidelines.

N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) can prevent DNA damage and protect cells from harm.

Hair loss has many causes and treatments, and losing some hair daily is normal; proper diagnosis is key, and minoxidil can help treat it.

Skin cell-derived vesicles can help heal skin injuries effectively.

LED light therapy is effective for skin and hair treatments but requires careful use to minimize risks.

Caffeine improves hair growth, thickness, and reduces shedding.

Nonsteroid treatments for alopecia areata show promise but need more high-quality research.

Doctors should use a detailed patient history and physical exam to diagnose joint pain, and consult a rheumatologist early for suspected autoimmune diseases.

UV radiation damages hair by creating holes and peeling cuticle layers.

Men are more likely to have larger basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, while women have more superficial basal cell carcinomas and tumors on their legs and central face.

Most vitiligo patients in Makkah are young women, often with family history and thyroid issues.

Runners often face skin problems like blisters and infections, and both prevention and early treatment are important.

More men are getting non-surgical cosmetic treatments due to increased income and social acceptance, with less invasive options being preferred.

Most HIV patients develop skin symptoms that can indicate the stage of their disease.

Hair loss from alopecia areata and androgenetic alopecia can be treated, but more effective and safer treatments are needed.

The document concludes that the immune-inhibitory environment of the hair follicle may prevent melanoma development.

Hair loss can indicate or worsen with systemic diseases, and treating the underlying condition is important.

Hair loss can be caused by stress, infections, drugs, and various diseases, with treatment depending on accurate diagnosis.

Cooling the scalp may prevent hair loss from chemotherapy, hair often grows back after treatment, and nail issues usually improve after stopping the drug.

HIV can cause skin disorders, which are often the first sign of infection, especially in people with darker skin.

Some skin medications are safe for pregnant women, but others pose risks or should not be used.

The document concludes that patients with skin of color need specialized dermatological care and education to manage unique skin conditions effectively.

The document concludes that various childhood hair and nail disorders exist, some may improve on their own, and advances in genetics and immunology could enhance treatment and counseling.

Stephen Rothman made important discoveries in dermatology, including the use of PABA in sunscreens, but never profited from his work.