4 citations
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March 2022 in “Transgender Health” This study reports that psoriasis prevalence among transgender individuals is similar to that in the general population, with possible links to gender-affirming hormone therapy needing more research.
September 2024 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of androgenetic alopecia in transgender men undergoing testosterone therapy, noting that such hormone treatment can lead to dermatological issues that significantly affect their quality of life. Results are not reported in the abstract.
16 citations
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June 2022 in “Transgender Health” This review suggests that oocyte retrieval may be viable for transgender men on testosterone therapy, with potentially manageable effects on fertility preservation without requiring extensive hormone suspension.
May 2026 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” In this study, sublingual minoxidil was found to be a safe and effective treatment for increasing hair growth in transgender individuals with mild androgenetic alopecia who are undergoing full-dose testosterone therapy.
March 2025 in “Dermatology Online Journal” This commentary highlights that transgender patients are often dissatisfied with standard hormone replacement therapy for hair-related goals, emphasizing the need for dermatologists to provide informed guidance and tailor treatments.
April 2024 in “Journal of endocrinological investigation” This study found that topical minoxidil significantly enhanced facial hair growth in transgender individuals assigned female at birth undergoing gender affirming hormone therapy, with improvements most notable after six months of use.
January 2024 in “Brazilian Journal of Hair Health” In this study, researchers reported that transgender men undergoing testosterone therapy experienced varying rates of alopecia (hair loss), which may be influenced by the duration of treatment, genetic factors, and family history.
September 2023 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This article discusses the incidence of androgenetic alopecia in transgender and gender diverse patients undergoing gender affirming hormone therapy but presents no new clinical findings, highlighting a gap in large-scale studies.
9 citations
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July 2024 in “Internal Medicine Journal” This narrative review discusses the initiation and monitoring of gender-affirming hormone therapy in Australia, noting standard testosterone use for trans men and estradiol with anti-androgens for trans women, emphasizing the importance of monitoring cardiovascular and bone health.
3 citations
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February 2021 in “JAMA Dermatology” Masculinizing hormone therapy increases the risk of hair loss in transgender and gender-diverse patients.
January 2021 in “Open MIND” This scoping review aims to explore the impact of hormone therapy on the laboratory profiles of transgender people, identify evidence, and highlight literature gaps, particularly in developing countries.
162 citations
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April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” This review discusses the effects of testosterone therapy for transgender men, noting desired outcomes and potential risks, but reports no new research findings; the authors highlight a lack of high-quality data due to various study limitations.
5 citations
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July 2024 in “Minerva Endocrinology” In this systematic review, an increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit was associated with testosterone therapy, especially within the first year, and factors like serum testosterone levels and therapy specifics were linked to erythrocytosis development, highlighting the need for further research to guide clinical practice.
July 2024 in “Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal” This review reports that transgender individuals undergoing hormonal therapy for gender transition face increased risks of cardiovascular disorders, brain tumors, changes in bone density, metabolic disorders, and other health issues, while highlighting the necessity of this therapy for gender transformation.
146 citations
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December 2016 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” This review discusses the creation of transgender-specific guidelines by WPATH and the Endocrine Society, based mostly on clinical experience, and reports no new results.
57 citations
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August 2018 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This review discusses the pathogenesis and treatment of acne in transgender men on testosterone therapy and reports no new clinical results, emphasizing the need for tailored guidelines.
May 2023 in “Journal of drugs in dermatology” Most transgender patients getting laser hair removal before gender-affirming surgery are already on hormone therapy, which might affect the hair removal process.
1 citations
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January 2024 in “Journal of the American Pharmacists Association” In this study of transgender and gender-diverse adults, the researchers observed that one-third of those on psychotropic medications within two years of starting hormone therapy experienced psychotropic polypharmacy, with a significantly higher likelihood of potential drug-hormone interactions in this group.
June 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study indicates that transgender men undergoing testosterone therapy may encounter skin issues like acne and hair thinning, which can be addressed with a collaborative approach involving both dermatologists and endocrinologists.
June 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study found that transgender men undergoing testosterone therapy may experience skin changes such as acne and androgenic hair loss, which can be managed with a collaborative approach involving both dermatologists and endocrinologists.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that transgender patients on masculinizing hormone therapy had a higher likelihood of developing acne compared to cisgender women, and were more likely to experience AGA compared to cisgender women.
28 citations
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October 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” This study suggests that gender-affirming testosterone therapy in transgender men is generally safe and effective with adequate screening and monitoring, although high-quality long-term studies are lacking.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This study found that among transgender men undergoing long-term testosterone therapy, a severe pattern of androgenetic alopecia may indicate increased arterial stiffness, as measured by higher intima-media thickness of the carotid artery.
15 citations
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September 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” This review discusses the impact of gender affirming hormone therapy on cardiovascular outcomes in transgender individuals and reports no new clinical results; the authors underscore the need for more comprehensive studies.
15 citations
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February 2019 in “Internal Medicine Journal” This study found that experienced Australian prescribers of hormone therapy for transgender adults often follow international guidelines but highlight the need for better training and specific local guidelines.
1 citations
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November 2023 in “Medicina” This narrative review emphasizes the significant improvements in mental well-being linked to gender-affirming treatments while highlighting the need for ongoing research into hormone therapy's long-term effects and its impact on transgender individuals' reproductive health.
1 citations
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October 2022 in “Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics” This article discusses the dermatologic impacts of gender-affirming medical care in transgender adolescents and emphasizes the importance of patient-centered care to improve dermatologic and overall outcomes; it reports no new clinical results.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” In this case report, a transgender woman with refractory epilepsy began estrogen therapy for gender-affirming purposes, experiencing stable epilepsy and reduced gender dysphoria through ongoing multidisciplinary care, highlighting the importance of careful management for similar patients.
3 citations
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February 2025 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study highlights how sex steroids affect hair growth, reporting that testosterone used in masculinizing hormone therapy can lead to androgenetic alopecia in transgender individuals, while feminizing hormone therapy with estradiol and antiandrogens can reduce hirsutism.
1 citations
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November 2023 in “American journal of clinical pathology” This case report highlights a rare occurrence of poorly differentiated endometrial carcinoma in a transgender man undergoing long-term testosterone therapy, underscoring the necessity of continued gynecologic care and further research into the effects of testosterone on endometrial health in this population.