166 citations
,
October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” This review discusses the effects of hormonal treatments on the physical and mental health of transgender individuals, reporting significant reductions in mental health issues following treatment, but calls for more research on long-term and nonbinary outcomes.
34 citations
,
November 2017 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” This report describes a case of meningioma in a transwoman treated long-term with estradiol and cyproterone acetate, suggesting possible concern over female sex steroids and meningioma risk.
2170 citations
,
September 2017 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This updated guideline from the Endocrine Society highlights the importance of endocrinologists in providing safe and effective hormone regimens for gender-affirming care, especially for adolescents who have entered puberty.
32 citations
,
July 2017 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” This study assessed the use of oral finasteride in transgender men with androgenetic alopecia and found that all patients improved by one grade on the Norwood–Hamilton scale within about 5.5 months, with no significant adverse effects reported during the 16.2 months of follow-up.
162 citations
,
April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” This review discusses the effects of testosterone therapy for transgender men, noting desired outcomes and potential risks, but reports no new research findings; the authors highlight a lack of high-quality data due to various study limitations.
23 citations
,
January 2016 in “Transgender health” In this case report, a transgender woman experienced scalp hair regrowth after approximately six months of oral estradiol and spironolactone treatment, achieving testosterone levels within the normal female range.
45 citations
,
March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” This article reviews the use of cross-sex hormonal therapy in transmen and reports that it is reasonably safe, suggesting monitoring should be frequent initially but can be less frequent over time.
204 citations
,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” This study concluded that current cross-sex hormone treatments for trans men and trans women are effective with a low risk of side effects in the short term, though they did observe specific clinical changes.
88 citations
,
May 2011 in “British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology” This study found that high doses of cyproterone acetate were associated with an increased risk of meningioma, especially with exposure longer than one year.
