1 citations
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October 2021 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This review discusses treatment options for androgenetic alopecia in transgender and gender-diverse patients, highlighting first-line treatments like topical minoxidil and finasteride, but reports no new clinical results.
32 citations
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September 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” This article states that hormone therapy with estrogens and antiandrogens for transgender females is within an obstetrician-gynecologist's practice scope and involves careful dosing and monitoring to manage short-term thrombotic risks.
32 citations
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July 2017 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” This study assessed the use of oral finasteride in transgender men with androgenetic alopecia and found that all patients improved by one grade on the Norwood–Hamilton scale within about 5.5 months, with no significant adverse effects reported during the 16.2 months of follow-up.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This study found that feminizing hormone therapy increased GFR in transgender individuals assigned male at birth, suggesting an effect of sex hormones on kidney hemodynamics, while masculinizing therapy showed a slight, nonsignificant decrease in GFR.
February 2022 in “The Nurse Practitioner” This article provides an introduction to gender-affirming hormone therapy for transgender and gender-nonbinary patients, designed as a continuing education activity, but does not report new clinical results.
4 citations
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January 2022 in “Journal of Menopausal Medicine” This review discusses gender-affirming hormone therapies in South Korea, detailing the available treatment regimens and associated side effects, but reports no new clinical findings.
1 citations
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October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” In this study, researchers found that transgender men exhibited impaired autonomic modulation during sympathetic stimulation compared to cisgender women, potentially due to testosterone treatment affecting cardiac autonomic modulation.
September 2021 in “Physiology News” This abstract lacks findings or results and does not provide a summary about any specific research study or topic.
July 2023 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This narrative review suggests that, after at least two years of gender-affirming hormone therapy, nonathletic transgender individuals tend to have physical performance levels similar to cisgender individuals, though more controlled research is necessary, particularly among trans athletes.
26 citations
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January 2019 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This review discusses the dermatologic needs and care considerations for transgender patients undergoing gender transition, highlighting the unique role dermatologists can play, but it does not report new clinical results.
8 citations
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April 2022 in “Trends in cancer” This review outlines the existing literature on gender-affirming hormone therapy and cancer risk among transgender populations but offers no new clinical findings, highlighting the need for more research to address cancer health disparities.
7 citations
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January 2019 in “Headache” This source suggests that migraine prevalence increases in transgender women using oestrogen and decreases in transgender men using testosterone, with high oral oestrogen doses in transgender women potentially linked to aura risk.
1 citations
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January 2022 in “Transgender health” This study found that gender-affirming hormone therapy in transgender men increased acne and male pattern hair loss, while in transgender women, it led to melasma and female pattern hair loss.
34 citations
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April 2023 in “Climacteric” This review discusses the long-term effects of gender affirming hormone therapy and reports no new clinical findings, recommending a shared decision-making approach to balance benefits and risks for transgender individuals.
23 citations
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January 2016 in “Transgender health” In this case report, a transgender woman experienced scalp hair regrowth after approximately six months of oral estradiol and spironolactone treatment, achieving testosterone levels within the normal female range.
9 citations
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July 2024 in “Anaesthesia” Ensure respectful and inclusive care for transgender and gender-diverse patients during surgery.
5 citations
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January 2023 in “Fertility and sterility” This review discusses the emerging considerations and challenges of uterus transplantation for transgender women but presents no new clinical results.
4 citations
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August 2018 in “American journal of otolaryngology” Transgender women on estrogen therapy can develop melasma and need proper skin care.
September 2025 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Sublingual minoxidil significantly improves hair growth in transgender individuals on testosterone therapy.
February 2025 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas” Transgender patients with hair loss need personalized treatment plans considering their unique needs.
December 2024 in “European Journal of Dermatology” This review reports that transgender patients undergoing hormone therapy may experience acne differently, necessitating tailored treatments that take into account skin dryness and the potential need for maintenance topical treatments.
October 2023 in “Paediatrics & child health” This document serves as a resource for pediatricians and primary care providers to guide gender-affirming health care for transgender and gender-diverse youth, including potential medical transition options.
August 2018 in “Current opinion in gynecology and obstetrics” This review discusses transgender healthcare needs in gynecology, including creating a welcoming clinic environment and understanding treatments, but it reports no new clinical findings.
18 citations
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October 2013 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” This study found that combining polybrene and a ROCK inhibitor can effectively expand human keratinocyte stem/progenitor cells carrying a transgene, aiding their use in regenerative medicine.
15 citations
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March 2015 in “PloS one” This study demonstrated that an AR-EGFP transgene can restore AR function and fertility in Sertoli cell-specific AR knockout mice, highlighting its potential use in understanding androgen receptor functions.
6 citations
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July 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This review evaluates the use of 5α-reductase inhibitors in feminising hormone therapy, finding their additive feminising benefits unclear due to their specific action on testosterone conversion, with concerns highlighted regarding limited supporting evidence and safety signals, particularly for psychiatric and sexual effects.
November 2023 in “Australasian journal of dermatology” This review highlights the dermatological needs of transgender and gender diverse individuals in Australia, emphasizing the role of dermatologists in managing skin and hair conditions related to gender affirmation and hormone therapy.
September 2022 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study investigated hair enhancement treatments used by transgender men in the U.S. and found that while 90% used testosterone therapy, 44.1% sought additional facial hair enhancement options such as topical minoxidil, despite significant safety concerns reported by 77.3% of participants.
February 2023 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that transgender and gender diverse patients on masculinizing hormone therapy had 2.5 times the rate of androgenetic alopecia compared to cisgender women.
166 citations
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October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” This review discusses the effects of hormonal treatments on the physical and mental health of transgender individuals, reporting significant reductions in mental health issues following treatment, but calls for more research on long-term and nonbinary outcomes.