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GlossaryTime-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS)

analytical technique identifying surface composition by measuring ejected ions' flight time

Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is an analytical technique used to identify the composition of surfaces at a microscopic level. It works by bombarding a sample with a focused beam of ions, causing secondary ions to be ejected from the surface. These ejected ions are then measured based on their time of flight, which allows for the determination of their mass and, consequently, the identification of the elements and molecules present on the surface. This method is highly sensitive and can provide detailed chemical information about the outermost layers of a material.

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research Investigation of the Damage on the Outermost Hair Surface Using ToF-SIMS and XPS

25 citations, December 2011 in “Surface and interface analysis”

Bleaching hair causes significant damage by breaking down proteins and fatty acids.

research ToF-SIMS Characterization of the Lipid Layer on the Hair Surface: The Damage Caused by Chemical Treatments and UV Radiation

23 citations, May 2010 in “Surface and interface analysis”

Chemical treatments and UV radiation severely damage the lipid layer on hair.

research ToF-SIMS Characterization of the Lipid Layer on the Hair Surface: Effect of the 18-MEA Lipid Layer on Surface Hydrophobicity

19 citations, May 2010 in “Surface and interface analysis”

18-MEA is essential for hair's water resistance, and a conditioner with 18-MEA and SPDA can restore it.

research Investigation of Human Hair Using ToF-SIMS: From Structural Analysis to the Identification of Cosmetic Residues

4 citations, April 2018 in “Journal of vacuum science and technology. B, Nanotechnology & microelectronics”

The conclusion is that a new method can identify cosmetic residues on hair and match them to their products.

research Mapping Penetration of Cosmetic Compounds into Hair Fibers Using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS)

3 citations, September 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Different oils penetrate hair differently; monounsaturated oils like olive oil penetrate better than polyunsaturated oils.

research Penetration of Cationic Conditioning Compounds into Hair Fibers: A TOF-SIMS Approach

2 citations, January 2006 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

The study found that certain conditioning compounds can penetrate hair and potentially improve its resistance to damage.

research Structural Analysis of the Outermost Hair Surface Using TOF-SIMS with Gas Cluster Ion Beam Sputtering

11 citations, January 2016 in “Biointerphases”

The hair's outermost surface has multiple layers of lipids and proteins.

research Distribution Analysis of Triglyceride Having Repair Effect on Damaged Human Hair by TOF-SIMS

8 citations, January 2012 in “International journal of polymer analysis and characterization/IJPAC. International journal of polymer analysis and characterization/IJPAC. International journal of analysis and characterization”

Hydrogenated palm oil repairs and conditions damaged hair by preventing swelling.

research Distribution of Glycolipid and Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Human Hair

18 citations, August 2014 in “Lipids”

Human hair has more unsaturated fats inside than on the surface, and certain lipids may help bind the outer and inner layers together.

research Accumulations of Calcium and Phosphorus in the Core of Hairs from Taklamakan Desert Mummies

8 citations, May 2008 in “Applied surface science”

Mummy hair from the Taklamakan desert has calcium and phosphorus inside.

research Effects of Silicone Pretreatment on Oxidative Hair Damage

7 citations, January 1995

Silicone pretreatment protects hair from damage and reduces color fading without interfering with bleaching or dyeing.

research Biomimetics Through Bioconjugation of 16-Methylheptadecanoic Acid to Damaged Hair for Hair Barrier Recovery

April 2024 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

16-MHA can restore the barrier and moisture of damaged hair, making it similar to undamaged hair.

research Novel Insights Into Ascorbic Acid Skin Permeation

July 2020

The best way to apply vitamin C to the skin is with a nanostructured lipid carrier formulation.

research Investigation of Penetration Abilities of Various Oils into Human Hair Fibers

11 citations, January 2006 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Some oils can penetrate hair and reduce the stickiness between fibers, but mineral oil cannot.

research The Adsorption Behavior of Cationic Surfactant onto Human Hair Fibers

42 citations, January 2009 in “Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces”

A certain surfactant sticks to human hair, making it change from water-repelling to water-attracting, which could help in hair conditioning.

Review of the Current Understanding of the Effect of Ultraviolet and Visible Radiation on Hair Structure and Options for Photoprotection

research Review of the Current Understanding of the Effect of Ultraviolet and Visible Radiation on Hair Structure and Options for Photoprotection

22 citations, July 2004 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

UV radiation and visible light can damage hair, but there are ways to protect it.

research Analyzing the Laser-Light Reflection from Human Hair Fibers: Deriving a Measure of Hair Luster

11 citations, July 2004 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

The conclusion is that a new method to measure hair shine was confirmed to match people's visual assessments.

research Studies of Light Scattering from Ethnic Hair Fibers

7 citations, July 2004 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Different hair types from various ethnic groups affect hair shine due to characteristics like thickness and shape.

research Improved Forensic Hair Evidence for Drugs of Abuse by Mass Spectrometry

June 2016

Forensic hair analysis for drugs is now more reliable and accurate.

research Distribution and Localization of Hydrophobic and Ionic Chemical Groups at the Surface of Bleached Human Hair Fibers

36 citations, October 2014 in “Langmuir”

Bleaching hair removes its protective top layer and exposes more hydrophilic groups, changing its chemical surface and affecting how it interacts with products.

research MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry of Skin: Aspects of Sample Preparation

30 citations, June 2017 in “Talanta”

MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry is a useful method for studying skin conditions, but sample preparation is crucial for accurate results.

research Investigation by Imaging Mass Spectrometry of Biomarker Candidates for Aging in the Hair Cortex

21 citations, October 2011 in “PloS one”

Certain molecules in hair change with age and could be used for cosmetic treatments.

research Oxidative Modification in Human Hair: The Effect of the Levels of Cu (II) Ions, UV Exposure and Hair Pigmentation

16 citations, October 2015 in “Photochemistry and photobiology”

Reducing copper (II) ion levels in hair can decrease hair damage.

Oil Body-Bound Oleosin-rhFGF-10: A Novel Drug Delivery System That Improves Skin Penetration to Accelerate Wound Healing and Hair Growth in Mice

research Oil Body-Bound Oleosin-rhFGF-10: A Novel Drug Delivery System That Improves Skin Penetration to Accelerate Wound Healing and Hair Growth in Mice

11 citations, October 2017 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

A new drug delivery system using oil body-bound oleosin-rhFGF-10 improves wound healing and hair growth in mice.

research Structure of Intermediate Filament Assembly in Hair Deduced from Hydration Studies Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

9 citations, April 2019 in “Journal of structural biology”

Hair's internal fibers are arranged in a pattern that doesn't let much water in, and treatments like oils and heat change how much water hair can absorb.