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This review discusses the difficulty of diagnosing hypothyroidism due to its diverse, nonspecific symptoms that can vary greatly among patients and often mimic other conditions, which may require healthcare providers to be vigilant across various specialties to recognize and diagnose the condition effectively.

This article reviews the mechanisms and uses of minoxidil for hypertension and androgenetic alopecia, without presenting new clinical findings.

This review evaluates the use of 5α-reductase inhibitors in feminising hormone therapy, finding their additive feminising benefits unclear due to their specific action on testosterone conversion, with concerns highlighted regarding limited supporting evidence and safety signals, particularly for psychiatric and sexual effects.

This article provides an overview of treatment options for hirsutism, summarizing both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that several drugs, including flutamide and spironolactone, significantly reduced hirsutism in women, with reduced effectiveness in those with higher BMI.

In this case report, a 70-year-old woman with a history of autoimmune hypothyroidism experienced alternating hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism over a decade, highlighting the potential role of thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies in these fluctuations.

This review found that hormones significantly impact women's health and athletic performance, influencing the menstrual cycle, menopause, and exercise responses, while therapies like contraception and hormone replacement require personalized approaches to balance benefits and risks.

This study synthesized nonsteroidal ligands as second-generation androgen receptor agonists and identified three compounds with significant anabolic activity and moderate to minimal androgenic activity in vivo.

This review discusses the potential of using sustained release systems to increase the effectiveness and reduce side effects of 17-alpha-estradiol in alopecia treatment and reports no clinical results.

This study found that Tanshinone I and Tanshinone IIA from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix inhibited Nox activity heightened by testosterone in a mouse model, reducing H₂O₂ production and cell apoptosis, and reversing testosterone-induced hair growth suppression, suggesting their potential as treatments for androgenetic alopecia.

This study found that spironolactone, flutamide, and finasteride are similarly effective in reducing hair diameter and Ferriman-Gallwey scores in women with hirsutism over a 6-month treatment period.

This article discusses the preparation of tritium-labeled testosterone metabolites and reports no new experimental findings.

In this study, low-dose spironolactone effectively reduced hirsutism in women and stopped hair loss in one woman with alopecia areata, without significant side effects over 12 menstrual cycles.

This review found that adding cyproterone acetate to estradiol showed a subjective improvement in hirsutism versus placebo, but comparisons with other therapies revealed no clinical differences.

This review discusses hormonal control and treatment options for benign prostatic hyperplasia, highlighting similar efficacy and safety between finasteride and dutasteride, and reports no clinical results; further studies are suggested for new therapeutic agents.

This article reviews the use of cross-sex hormonal therapy in transmen and reports that it is reasonably safe, suggesting monitoring should be frequent initially but can be less frequent over time.

This study found that treatment with a GnRH agonist and estrogen and progestin replacement significantly improved hirsutism scores and hair growth rates in women with polycystic ovarian disease.

In this case study, a 41-year-old woman with a solitary thyroid nodule was found to have a benign colloid goiter after biopsy, and she successfully underwent right hemithyroidectomy with good postoperative recovery and management of symptoms using various supportive medications.

In this retrospective chart review, researchers observed that estrogen monotherapy effectively suppressed testosterone levels below 50ng/dL in all transfeminine patients studied, particularly those using injectable formulations, though the small sample size and ongoing data collection limit these findings.

This study found that GTx-024 significantly increased total lean body mass and improved physical function in healthy elderly men and postmenopausal women, suggesting potential use for muscle wasting conditions.

This study reports the discovery of LX-38, a new high-affinity non-steroidal antagonist that could provide the therapeutic benefits of current BPH and AGA treatments without the hormonal side effects, utilizing a distinct "Orthogonal T-Stacking" scaffold for binding.

In this case report, a 28-year-old female developed allergic contact dermatitis from prolonged use of 5% topical minoxidil, suggesting that minoxidil itself may often be responsible for such reactions rather than propylene glycol.

Human hair follicles have their own thyroid hormone system.

This study found that TRH modulates specific keratins in human scalp tissue, suggesting its potential influence on hair growth and the need for further exploration of neuroendocrine controls in keratin expression.

This review discusses the role of androgens in women's sexual health and highlights the need for further research on androgen replacement therapy to optimize quality of life, but reports no new clinical results.

Diphenyl ethers can potentially reduce excess oil production when applied on the skin, helping treat conditions like acne.

Thymic peptides can either promote or inhibit human hair growth.

In this study, topical application of Thuja orientalis extract promoted hair growth by inducing the anagen phase and increasing hair follicle size and number in telogenic mice.

This study used an in silico/in vitro approach to identify potential inhibitors of the enzyme SRD5A2, finding that the androgen receptor modulator MK-0773 is a moderate inhibitor, although it does not act as a covalent inhibitor like finasteride.

This study found that GnRH-a treatment or orchiectomy, which required significantly lower doses of oral estradiol valerate, were more effective than anti-androgens like spironolactone and finasteride in achieving target hormone levels in transgender females in India.