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Measuring reproductive hormones in brown bear hair could help identify their sex and reproductive state, but better collection methods or lab techniques are needed.

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors may cause a low incidence of erectile dysfunction that decreases over time.

Flutamide combined with an LHRH agonist effectively inhibits prostate growth, suggesting it could treat prostate cancer.

The research found that MRI and certain hormone levels can help tell apart ovarian tumors from hyperthecosis in postmenopausal women, but tissue analysis is still needed for a definite diagnosis.

The document concludes that using LC-MS/MS for measuring androgens is more accurate than older methods, but it needs careful validation and standardized references to be most effective.

Hormonal imbalances, often indicating conditions like PCOS, are common in women with hard-to-treat acne, and a treatment approach addressing these imbalances may be needed.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia may be caused by changes in how the body processes male hormones.

Sex neurosteroids cause different effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity in males and females.

Hormonal contraceptives can help treat acne by affecting sebum production and androgen levels.

The conclusion is that removing both ovaries is the best treatment for excess male hormones in postmenopausal women, with medication as another option, and managing insulin resistance is important for diagnosis and treatment.

Long-term use of dutasteride for enlarged prostate may worsen blood sugar, cholesterol, and erectile dysfunction.

Finasteride reduces inflammation and improves immune response after trauma by altering hormone levels.

Male pattern baldness may be caused by scalp pressure on hair follicles, which increases with age and leads to a cycle of hair loss. This process is not directly determined by genes.

The study suggests certain ACE gene variations are more common in women with PCOS and may be linked to increased insulin resistance.

Mice lacking steroid 5α-reductase 2 show less aggression and better impulse control.

The document concludes that treating female hair loss should target reducing excess androgen and blocking its effects on hair follicles, with the best treatments being hormonal therapy, adrenal suppression, and topical minoxidil.

Blocking 5α-reductase can harm memory and brain structure, and increase harmful brain changes in male mice used for Alzheimer's disease research.

Certain drugs change freshwater snail shells to a "banana" shape.

Sex hormones, especially estradiol, can change chicken feather shapes and colors.

Hormone levels in hair change during pregnancy, with progesterone increasing significantly compared to non-pregnant women.

ERβ has potential in treating prostate cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, but human studies are needed before clinical use.

Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.

Finasteride treatment changes urine metabolomics and steroid signatures, potentially monitoring effectiveness but may cause sexual side effects.

Hormone therapy may increase migraines in transgender women and decrease them in transgender men; more research is needed on migraine management in transgender individuals.

Women with nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency can have successful pregnancies through IVF, with certain factors affecting their chances.

Two women with very high androgen levels had only slight skin issues, one due to a non-classical adrenal disorder and the other due to an adrenal tumor.

A new method was created to test the effectiveness of Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) inhibitors, like finasteride and dutasteride, in human and fish cells. The results showed fish cells are more sensitive to these treatments, and dutasteride works better than finasteride in all tested cells.

Estrogen affects how vitamin A is processed in mouse skin, which may impact acne treatment, hair growth, and skin defense.

Women with a certain type of tumor had higher levels of pregnancy hormone and male hormones, which decreased after treatment.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.