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The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Stem cell niches support, regulate, and coordinate stem cell functions.

Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.

Early diagnosis and individualized treatment improve outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Alopecia areata causes hair loss, has no cure, and various treatments exist.

Use minoxidil for hair loss treatment; assess results after 6 months.

Protoporphyrin IX is useful in cancer treatment but can cause health problems if not properly regulated.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and hair loss, but may cause side effects in some patients.

Stem cells in the hair follicle are regulated by their surrounding environment, which is important for hair growth.

The skin's internal clock affects healing, cancer risk, aging, immunity, and hair growth, and disruptions can harm skin health.

Targeting androgen receptors could be a promising way to treat skin disorders with fewer side effects.

Vitamin D has potential benefits for cancer prevention, heart health, diabetes, obesity, muscle function, skin health, and immune function, but clinical results are mixed and more research is needed.

Wnt and Notch signaling help wound healing by promoting cell growth and regulating cell differentiation.

Female Pattern Hair Loss affects women's self-esteem and needs more research for better treatment.

New antifungal treatments for a children's scalp infection are effective and safe, but it's not decided if they will become the preferred option over the old treatment.

Older adults have a high rate of skin cancers like basal cell carcinoma and melanoma, mainly due to UV exposure and age.

Skin changes can help diagnose and manage endocrine disorders like thyroid problems, diabetes, and adrenal gland conditions.

TNF family proteins are crucial for the development of skin features like hair, teeth, and mammary glands.

The document concludes that minoxidil and finasteride are proven for hair growth, herbal remedies show promise, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.

Methotrexate is a key, cost-effective drug for skin conditions, but requires careful monitoring for side effects.

Progress has been made in skin and nerve regeneration, but more research is needed to improve methods and ensure safety.

The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

Baricitinib is effective and safe for treating severe alopecia areata.

Isotretinoin's effects and side effects, like birth defects and depression, might be due to it causing cell death in various cells.

Certain immune system proteins are important for skin healing but can cause problems if there are too many of them.

Mood stabilizers like lithium and anticonvulsants have side effects that can lead to patients stopping their medication, and managing these effects is important for treatment adherence.

Male pattern hair loss caused by follicular miniaturization; early diagnosis and treatment can reduce psychological burden.

Graft-versus-host disease is a complication where donor immune cells attack the recipient's body, often affecting the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract.

Finasteride helps reduce heart issues and improves heart function.

Spironolactone is an effective and well-tolerated first-line treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa in women.