17 citations
,
May 1995 in “Anatomy and Embryology” This study found that treating neonatal mice with the neurotoxin 6-OHDA resulted in temporary hair loss and thinner skin compared to control mice, linking sympathetic neurons to hair growth and skin thickness.
December 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This review highlights that disturbances in neuroimmune communication, particularly between sympathetic nerves and macrophages, may contribute to autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes, and suggests potential therapeutic avenues by restoring this communication in preclinical and early clinical studies.
7 citations
,
October 2000 in “Allergo Journal” Stress may affect hair growth by influencing hair follicle development and could contribute to hair loss.
7 citations
,
January 2020 in “Nature” This study found that stress-induced signaling from the sympathetic nervous system in mice led to the depletion of stem cells in hair follicles, resulting in premature greying.
77 citations
,
July 2020 in “Cell” This study found that sympathetic nerves and arrector pili muscles form a niche that modulates hair follicle stem cell activity, revealing their role in hair follicle regeneration.
22 citations
,
August 1999 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study found that subcutaneous injections of guanethidine or 6-hydroxydopamine induced premature hair growth in mice, suggesting a role for sympathetic nerves in hair growth control.
4 citations
,
August 2021 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” This review discusses recent advancements in understanding how the sympathetic nervous system and norepinephrine regulate hair follicle growth, highlighting innovative studies that explore their effects on hair follicle stem cells.
March 2025 in “Molecular Medicine” This study on C57BL/6 mice found that subcutaneous cholesterol injections significantly promoted hair regeneration by enhancing hair follicle stem cell proliferation, highlighting the role of the PKA-tyrosine hydroxylase-sympathetic nervous system pathway in this process.
This study found that acute stress can cause rapid hair loss by triggering necrosis in hair follicle cells and initiating autoimmunity, revealing a mechanism where stress-induced nerve activity leads to tissue damage and immune system activation.
58 citations
,
February 2021 in “Toxins” This review concluded that botulinum toxins have various potential off-label uses for dermatological conditions, but further research is needed to fully establish their efficacy and safety in these applications.
5 citations
,
December 2022 in “Toxins” This review discusses the structural properties, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications of neurotoxins on synapses, reporting no new experimental results.
March 2022 in “IntechOpen eBooks” This chapter discusses the potential therapeutic applications of Botulinum toxin for various non-cosmetic skin conditions, such as acne, rosacea, and hyperhidrosis, highlighting case reports and some randomized controlled trials that indicate promise in alleviating discomfort, inflammation, and excessive sweating.
101 citations
,
January 1997 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” This review discusses neural mechanisms involved in hair growth control, focusing on piloneural interactions, but reports no clinical findings; the authors suggest further exploration for managing hair growth disorders.
47 citations
,
January 2016 in “Brain Behavior and Immunity” 5α-reduced progestogens may reduce mood issues and brain damage linked to HIV-1 Tat.
1 citations
,
October 2022 in “Annual review of cell and developmental biology” This review discusses the roles of peripheral nerves in stem cell and immune responses within the skin and hematopoietic system, emphasizing their potential in developing new therapies; it reports no new experimental results.
This study introduced a customizable ELISA for detecting antibodies against botulinum neurotoxin that matches or surpasses other tests in sensitivity and allows for more efficient and animal-friendly testing when combined with the hemidiaphragm assay.
July 2026 in “Quality in Sport” This narrative review highlights that endurance, skill-oriented athletes, and physique-oriented competitors such as bodybuilders face accelerated degradation of fillers and botulinum neurotoxin due to elevated basal metabolic rates and other factors, and raised concerns about psychological conditions like body dysmorphic disorder in these populations.
January 1989 in “Side effects of drugs annual” This chapter reviews studies on the side effects of cytostatics and immunosuppressive drugs, detailing various toxicities such as cardiovascular, pulmonary, and neurotoxicity, but provides no new clinical results.
8 citations
,
January 2016 in “Cells tissues organs” This study found that chemical sympathectomy inhibited hair follicle growth in mice, suggesting that sympathetic nerves may regulate keratinocyte behavior to promote hair growth.
49 citations
,
July 2004 in “Anesthesiology” This review discusses pharmacologic treatment options for muscle-related pain conditions and notes that there is strong evidence for the efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants and muscle relaxants in specific myofascial pain syndromes, but not universally.
22 citations
,
February 2008 in “Journal of Neurochemistry” This study found that minoxidil prevents long-term serotonergic toxicity induced by MDMA in rats, primarily by opening mitochondrial KATP channels and involving Akt and MAP kinases in its neuroprotective mechanism.
10 citations
,
June 2001 in “Annals of neurology” This study reports that patients with Alzheimer's disease have increased levels of polyamines in their hair.
22 citations
,
July 2024 in “Archives of Plastic Surgery” This review detailed the types and mechanisms of injectable "skin boosters" and evaluated their effectiveness and safety for mitigating age-related skin changes, providing insight into their use in contemporary dermatological practice.
220 citations
,
August 1988 in “Clinical endocrinology” This review provides a comprehensive overview of melatonin's physiological roles, effects, and clinical implications, but it does not present new experimental findings.
127 citations
,
December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study provides evidence that psychoemotional stress inhibits hair growth in mice by affecting the brain-hair follicle axis, with specific neuropeptides and treatments modulating this effect.
110 citations
,
October 2019 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” This review discusses current and emerging treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia and emphasizes the need for further research to optimize treatment selection, but reports no new clinical results.
37 citations
,
June 2021 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This review discusses how acute exposures to environmental and internal stressors can quickly alter skin functions, leading to various dermatological symptoms, and calls for more research on these short-term effects.
28 citations
,
January 2021 in “Parkinsonism & related disorders (Online)/Parkinsonism & related disorders” This article reviews skin disorders in Parkinson's disease, highlighting the potential of skin studies and stem cell research to advance understanding and treatment of the neurodegenerative disorder, without presenting new results.
6 citations
,
April 2017 in “InTech eBooks” This book discusses various unanswered questions about headaches, including genetic factors, smartphone effects, and botulinum toxin's potential benefits for chronic migraines, but reports no new clinical findings.
4 citations
,
December 2010 in “Copernican Letters” This article reviews popular peptides used in cosmetics for wrinkle treatment and presents no new clinical findings.