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The document discussed the three most common types of skin cancer: malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Malignant melanoma, originating from melanocytes, was noted as the most lethal. BCC, the most common cancer, was debated to potentially arise from hair follicle keratinocytes and was associated with mutations in the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway, suggesting a link to failed organogenesis. SCC, also arising from keratinocytes, was described as more aggressive than BCC, with the potential to form lethal metastases, unlike BCC, which rarely metastasizes. The document also covered the use of in vivo and in vitro models for studying these skin cancers.

The study demonstrated that YAP and TAZ proteins were crucial for skin homeostasis, particularly in the basal layer of the skin, where they were found in the nucleus and increased during wound healing. Deleting YAP and TAZ in the skin of adult mice resulted in slower cell proliferation, hair loss, and impaired wound regeneration. The nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ was regulated by Integrin-Src signaling, which was influenced by contact with the basal extracellular matrix. This mechanism was also observed in other squamous epithelia and squamous cell carcinomas. In contrast, columnar epithelia used a different mechanism involving Hippo signaling to keep YAP/TAZ in the cytoplasm. However, when columnar epithelial tumors lost their apical domain, YAP/TAZ became nuclear, making the tumors sensitive to the Src inhibitor Dasatinib.