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Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.

Melanocyte stem cells are crucial for skin pigmentation and have potential in disease modeling and regenerative medicine.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is common in women with conditions like anovulation, hirsutism, hair loss, and type 2 diabetes, and it can lead to health risks like heart disease, obesity, insulin resistance, and depression. Non-Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (NC-CAH) is also discussed.

Higher testosterone levels can increase the risk of certain diseases like type 2 diabetes in women and prostate cancer in men, but can also protect against autoimmune diseases and hair loss. It also affects body fat and bone density.

There are various effective hormone treatments for puberty induction in boys and girls with hypogonadism, and starting treatment early is important.

The skin is a large organ that plays a role in the immune system.

Polish medical societies recommend personalized treatment for PCOS based on the patient's specific symptoms and use the Rotterdam criteria for diagnosis.

Madarosis (eyebrow and eyelash loss) significantly affects quality of life for breast cancer patients on taxane-based chemotherapy.

Certain variations in the vitamin D receptor gene are linked to an increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome.

About 19.4% of Iranian women in the study have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, with the most common type involving irregular periods and high male hormone levels, but their heart and metabolic health is similar to women without the condition.

A complex X chromosome rearrangement can increase the risk of multiple autoimmune diseases.

Anti-androgens can help manage some PCOS symptoms better than metformin but are not more effective than placebos or birth control pills for other symptoms.

The 2023 guideline advises a detailed approach for PCOS, focusing on early detection, lifestyle and medical treatments, and managing health risks.

Testosterone increases fluid secretion and aquaporin expression in the vas deferens, which is important for male fertility.

A new mouse model for vitiligo helps study immune responses and potential treatments.

Diagnosing and treating PCOS in teenagers is difficult, and the focus is on lifestyle changes and medication to improve health and prevent future issues.

The conclusion is that proper diagnosis and long-term treatment, including medication, hair removal, and lifestyle changes, are important for improving hirsutism, especially in PCOS patients.

Treating non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is complex because the benefits of hormone treatment must be weighed against potential health risks.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors, like finasteride and dutasteride, may cause depression, but more research is needed to understand why.

Testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women appears safe and may protect against heart disease, but requires constant monitoring and more research for long-term effects.

Testosterone increases acidification in the vas deferens by up-regulating V-ATPase.

Most women with PCOS have insulin resistance, especially those with phenotype B.

Obesity leads to physical, metabolic, reproductive issues, higher healthcare costs, and mental health problems.

Alopecia areata and vitiligo share immune system dysfunction but differ in specific immune responses and affected areas.

Certain gene variations and different levels of BDNF and CRH hormones are linked to vitiligo.

Certain gene variations may protect against skin issues and oxidative stress in women with PCOS.

Classical PCOS types A and B are most common and linked to higher health risks.

Dihydrotestosterone makes arteries stiffer in female mice by reducing estrogen receptor expression.

Polycystic ovary syndrome causes high male hormone levels, leading to symptoms like excess hair, acne, and fertility problems.