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Thymosin β4 and VEGF are important for blood vessel formation in many organs.

Botulinum A toxin injections reduced pain and promoted hair regrowth in a woman with a rare form of alopecia areata.

HSPGs help control stem cell behavior, affecting hair growth and offering a target for hair loss treatments.

Exosomes from umbilical cord cells fix hearing loss and damaged ear hair cells in mice.

Intestinal stem cells can help repair skin damage from radiation.

Pregnant women with PCOS have higher levels of Neurokinin B in the placenta, especially with female babies.

The guideline suggests using specific criteria to diagnose PCOS, recommends various treatments for its symptoms, and advises screening for related health issues.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

Subcutaneous contraceptives can cause side effects like menstrual changes, headaches, weight gain, and pain at the implant site.

Effective hirsutism management requires identifying the cause, combining new and traditional treatments, and setting realistic expectations for patients.

Shrunken heads retain some facial features and hair characteristics, allowing for limited individual identification.

The article explains how to rebuild parts of the head and face and how to transplant hair to cover scars, highlighting the need for careful planning and choosing the right method for each patient.

Operative hysteroscopy is still the main treatment for Asherman syndrome, but more research is needed on post-surgery methods.

Using rodents for research shows that health problems in the womb can cause diseases later in life.

The document explains hair and nail biology, common hair loss conditions and treatments, oral and genital skin diseases, and the risks and treatments associated with squamous cell carcinoma.

Exosomes from stem cells may help rejuvenate skin and regrow hair, but more research is needed.

Diabetes causes lasting cell dysfunctions, leading to serious complications even after blood sugar is controlled.

The best method for urethral reconstruction is using hypoxia-preconditioned stem cells with autologous cells on a vascularized synthetic scaffold.

Urologists should monitor mental health in patients taking finasteride due to potential links to suicidal thoughts, adjusting dosage or stopping use if necessary. More research is needed to confirm if finasteride causes these thoughts.

Rare ULBP3 gene changes may raise the risk of Alopecia areata, a certain FAS gene deletion could cause a dysfunctional protein in an immune disorder, and having one copy of a specific genetic deletion is okay, but two copies cause sickle cell disease.

Electrospun 3D nanofibrous materials show promise for bone regeneration in orthopaedics.

Tiny particles from stem cells can help protect ear cells from antibiotic damage by helping cells remove damaged parts.

Testosterone and its byproducts help support male sexual behavior through different pathways in the brain and body.

HAP stem cells can repair nerves and spinal cords by becoming Schwann cells.

Oral propranolol successfully treated a baby's skin growth and ulceration linked to PELVIS syndrome.

The document concludes that there is a need for more research and regulation in dermatology, covering topics like latex allergy in children, the use of botulinum toxin, and treatments for skin conditions.

The study found that nerve signals are stronger when there are more connection points, but not necessarily denser, along the nerve's path in the spine.

Radiation therapy with a higher dose for the brain improves survival in cerebellar medulloblastoma.

A genetic region near the PAX1 gene is linked to a higher risk of scoliosis in females.