Electrospun 3D Nanofibrous Materials and Their Applications in Orthopaedics

The document reviews the use of electrospun 3D nanofibrous materials in orthopaedics, particularly for bone tissue engineering. Electrospinning is highlighted as a versatile technique for creating nanofibers that mimic the extracellular matrix of bone, making it promising for developing scaffolds that support bone regeneration. The review covers various electrospinning techniques and their ability to incorporate functional materials like hydroxyapatite and antibacterial nanoparticles, enhancing scaffold properties. It also addresses challenges such as optimizing fiber diameter and mechanical strength, crucial for effective applications. The document emphasizes the importance of biocompatibility and cytotoxicity evaluations, often using animal models, and explores the integration of drug delivery systems for enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Future directions include combining electrospinning with technologies like 3D printing to improve scaffold performance in tissue engineering.