6 citations
,
September 2012 in “Clinical Interventions in Aging” This study found that honokiol inhibits enzymes related to testosterone degradation in vitro, suggesting its potential as a lead compound for developing antiaging bioactive ingredients for men.
January 2026 in “Microsystems & Nanoengineering” This review discusses advancements in skin microphysiological systems, such as 3D bioprinting, skin organoids, and skin-on-a-chip, and their effectiveness in emulating human skin functions for research and preclinical applications, highlighting the potential for replacing animal testing with these innovative technologies.
1 citations
,
June 2016 in “Yāftah/hā-yi nuvīn dar ̒ulūm-i zīstī” This study found that sheep testis extract significantly improved wound healing and hair follicle growth in rats, suggesting it may be a promising candidate for clinical wound healing research.
June 2026 in “Scientific Reports” This study found that systemic testosterone exposure in transgender individuals with XX genotype alters skin biology, increasing androgen and estrogen receptor-positive cells, collagen density, and fibronectin expression while reducing immune cells, which could affect surgical outcomes by promoting a male skin phenotype.
14 citations
,
November 1982 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This article discusses whether testosterone's metabolism to 5α-dihydrotestosterone is necessary for androgenic effects in the skin but reports no new experimental results.
21 citations
,
January 2003 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” This study found that dutasteride completely suppressed the formation of 5alpha-dihydro metabolites in cultured human skin cells, suggesting its potential use in acne and androgenetic alopecia.
8 citations
,
May 1982 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” This study suggests that in rat skin, testosterone itself may play a more significant role in androgen action than 5α-dihydrotestosterone, unlike in the prostate where 5α-DHT is more dominant.
4 citations
,
January 2015 in “Endocrinology & metabolic syndrome” This article discusses the role of testosterone in the formation of male characteristics, muscle and bone development, and its impact on skin and hair, but provides no new clinical results.
18 citations
,
October 2023 in “Nature Communications” In this study, male-pattern baldness was strongly associated with a higher risk of keratinocyte cancers, particularly squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma, likely due to increased sun exposure on the scalp rather than androgen levels.
59 citations
,
September 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that 4 weeks of finasteride treatment significantly decreased DHT levels in bald scalp to levels similar to hair-containing scalp in men with male pattern baldness.
1 citations
,
February 2023 in “Applied sciences” This study found that methylcellulose-based hydrogels can effectively deliver growth hormone through the skin, with albumin increasing the hormone's permeation to 93% in simulated in vivo conditions.
110 citations
,
October 2013 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” This study found that testosterone therapy in trans men increased facial and body hair growth while the prevalence and severity of acne peaked at 6 months but were primarily mild after long-term treatment.
8 citations
,
January 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology” In this study, researchers developed a new 3D skin equivalent assay using mouse epidermal and dermal cells that successfully regenerated organized hair follicles, outperforming a 2D model in hair follicle orientation and quantity, and enhanced hair growth when Wnt3a was added.
74 citations
,
November 1975 in “Archives of dermatology” This review discusses testosterone metabolism in human skin and its role in androgenetic skin disorders, suggesting that temporary increases in dihydrotestosterone may lead to these conditions.
43 citations
,
November 1975 in “Archives of Dermatology” This review discusses testosterone metabolism in human skin and its link to androgenetic alopecia, acne vulgaris, and idiopathic hirsutism, but it presents no new results.
4 citations
,
April 2022 in “Microorganisms” In this study, clinically used preoperative skin preparations with povidone iodine and chlorhexidine gluconate did not meet FDA log-reduction standards for bacterial bioburden in a porcine model, suggesting persistent infection risks.
January 2025 in “International Journal Of Scientific Advances” In this study using a rat model, researchers observed that applying topical testosterone led to changes in the skin resembling early acne lesions, indicating a dermatologic risk potentially associated with over-the-counter testosterone products.
34 citations
,
February 1993 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” This study found that 4-MA is a potent inhibitor of testosterone 5α-reductase in human tissues, promising potential for treating androgen-dependent skin conditions like male pattern baldness.
This case study describes a 34-year-old male developing painful inflammatory scalp nodules post-scalp microinfusion of medication. The findings suggest that repeated microtrauma or bacterial colonization might trigger dissecting cellulitis in susceptible individuals, with exogenous testosterone as a potential modifier, not a direct cause.
May 2021 in “British Small Animal Veterinary Association eBooks” This review discusses various causes and patterns of canine alopecia, noting that symmetrical and diffuse hair loss often indicates an endocrinopathy, and reports no new clinical results.
3 citations
,
December 2000 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study established that a human epidermal model can be utilized to assess 5alpha-reductase activity and evaluate enzyme modulators, such as finasteride, for dermatological applications.
11 citations
,
November 1982 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” In this study, testosterone and certain metabolites were highly effective in promoting sebaceous structure growth in the female hamster flank organ, while others had limited or no effect.
This study found that the "Trivedi Effect®" Biofield Energy Healing Treatment enhanced hair growth and melanogenesis in treated mice compared to untreated controls.
January 2018 in “Clinical dermatology open access journal” In this study, the researchers observed that Biofield Energy Treated herbal extracts enhanced hair growth and melanogenesis in C57BL/6 mice, suggesting its potential as a hair growth enhancer.
November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study reported that an ex vivo organ culture system effectively induced aging-related changes in healthy human skin, allowing testing of senolytics like tretinoin, resveratrol, and caffeine.
61 citations
,
September 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” 
176 citations
,
August 2000 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” In this study, cross-sex hormone therapy affected hair growth patterns differently, with estrogen reducing hair growth in male-to-female transsexuals and testosterone increasing it in female-to-male transsexuals; however, male typical hair diameters were not fully reached in the latter group after 12 months.
47 citations
,
March 2017 in “Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology” This review discusses the link between Parkinson's disease and dermatological disorders, highlighting that skin biomarkers may aid in the diagnosis of Parkinson's, but it reports no new clinical results.
188 citations
,
October 2012 in “The AAPS Journal” This review discusses strategies for developing semi-solid topical generic products to match the quality of reference-listed drugs, using concepts like quality by design and reverse-engineering, but reports no new results.
September 2014 in “Springer eBooks” This review discusses how sex hormone levels and local steroid synthesis influence gender differences in aging skin, reporting no new clinical results.