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More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.

Testosterone is linked to cardiovascular risk factors and stroke, but its exact role is unclear.

The skin acts like an endocrine organ, producing hormones that affect various body functions and skin health, and understanding this can lead to new treatments.

Mutations in the vitamin D receptor cause hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets, leading to poor bone health and requiring high calcium doses for treatment.

Some lesser-known causes of PCOS include autoimmune issues, genetic mutations, and changes in the body's microbiome.

There are various effective hormone treatments for puberty induction in boys and girls with hypogonadism, and starting treatment early is important.

Dutasteride, usually used for prostate issues and hair loss, could potentially treat Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) due to its neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, but more testing is needed.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but should be used cautiously and not based solely on testosterone levels.

Melatonin receptors, found in many body parts, can help treat various diseases like depression and diabetes due to their effects on inflammation, tumor progression, sleep disorders, and body mass regulation.

The document concludes that PCOS is a complex disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors, affecting women's health in various ways, and requires personalized treatment.

Melatonin helps regulate hair growth and protects the hair follicle from stress.

Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.

The new test can measure very small amounts of testosterone in hair, and grinding the hair up first gives more accurate results.

Men with early hair loss may have higher insulin resistance and should be checked for related health issues.

Male hormones and their receptors play a key role in hair loss and skin health, with potential new treatments being explored.

The document concludes that early recognition and treatment of PCOS in adolescents is crucial for managing symptoms and long-term health risks.

Androgen receptors are key for development and health, affecting conditions like prostate cancer and male pattern baldness.

The document concludes that using LC-MS/MS for measuring androgens is more accurate than older methods, but it needs careful validation and standardized references to be most effective.

Anti-androgens are effective for female acne but less so for male-pattern hair loss, with side effects similar to birth control pills.

Human skin makes sexual hormones that affect hair growth, skin health, and healing; too much can cause acne and hair loss, while treatments can manage these conditions.

Women with epilepsy should be monitored for reproductive issues, which can be caused by epilepsy or its treatments, especially when using valproate.

5α-reductase inhibitors and alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists together effectively treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, with long-term benefits.

The conclusion suggests that prostate cancer should be classified by castration status and that new therapies targeting androgen receptor signaling show promise.

Epilepsy and certain epilepsy drugs can lead to reproductive problems in women, but changing medication might improve these issues.

The androgen receptor is a promising target for breast cancer treatment, especially in triple-negative cases, but more research is needed for personalized therapies.

Women with PCOS have similar bone density to healthy women, but those who are obese have higher bone density at some body sites.

New treatments for prostate cancer and BPH show promise, including novel compounds that target hormone synthesis and response.

Testosterone and finasteride raise insulin and zinc, lower chromium in male rats.

Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.

Hormones and metabolism play a complex role in prostate enlargement, and more research is needed to improve diagnosis and treatment.