36 citations
,
January 2010 in “Human & experimental toxicology” This case report found that two women developed toxic selenium levels after consuming paradise nuts, resulting in symptoms like massive hair loss and nail discoloration.
30 citations
,
January 2023 in “EFSA journal” This review establishes a tolerable upper intake level of 255 μg/day for selenium in adults, warning that supplements and Brazil nuts may cause excess intake.
16 citations
,
May 2019 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” This systematic review found insufficient evidence to support protective effects of selenium on polycystic ovary syndrome complications, despite some studies suggesting it may reduce insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.
7 citations
,
August 2025 in “Plants” This review highlights the role of plant-derived organic selenium compounds, noting their high bioavailability and low toxicity, and provides a comprehensive overview of selenium's uptake in plants and metabolism in humans, offering a theoretical basis for future nutritional research.
This book chapter discusses the mechanisms and prevention of selenium toxicity in livestock and reports no new experimental results; it emphasizes reducing selenium in the human food chain through animal products.
February 2019 in “Americanae (AECID Library)” This study describes cases of diffuse alopecia and thyroid alterations in sheep, linking selenium and zinc deficiencies to decreased serum T3 and T4 concentrations and related skin conditions.
618 citations
,
January 2018 in “Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews” This study reported that selenium supplements do not reduce cancer risk and may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and high-grade prostate cancer, while observational studies suggest mixed associations between selenium exposure and cancer incidence.
382 citations
,
February 2010 in “Archives of Internal Medicine” This study identified that high concentrations of selenium in a liquid dietary supplement caused a widespread outbreak of poisoning, revealing the importance of stricter manufacturing standards.
241 citations
,
January 2001 in “Reviews on Environmental Health” This review discusses the various adverse health effects of chronic selenium exposure in humans, including effects on endocrine and immune function, and suggests current exposure limits may be insufficient.
127 citations
,
March 2004 in “Gynecologic oncology” This study concluded that selenium supplementation for ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy may have several beneficial effects, such as increased antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced chemotherapy-related symptoms, and higher selenium levels in serum and hair.
126 citations
,
November 1987 in “The Journal of Pediatrics” This study reports that selenium deficiency in children on long-term total parenteral nutrition may lead to symptoms like erythrocyte macrocytosis and skin and hair depigmentation, which improved with selenium supplementation.
115 citations
,
December 1996 in “PubMed” This study observed that the intestinal absorption of selenium varies depending on its chemical form, with selenomethionine being absorbed efficiently and selenium as selenodiglutathione or selenodicysteine being absorbed faster than selenite.
93 citations
,
March 2014 in “Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews” This review concludes that although observational studies suggest a potential inverse association between selenium exposure and cancer risk, randomized trials show no convincing evidence that selenium supplements prevent cancer in humans and may indicate harmful effects.
79 citations
,
April 1996 in “JAMA” This article describes a case of selenium poisoning in a 36-year-old man who experienced hair loss, nail changes, and paresthesias after taking selenium-containing vitamin tablets.
78 citations
,
December 2011 in “Clinical toxicology” This study describes a case series of nine patients experiencing symptoms of selenium toxicity after consuming a liquid dietary supplement with an excess amount of selenium.
76 citations
,
April 2002 in “Urology” This review examines the use of selenium and vitamin E supplements for reducing prostate cancer risk, finding mixed evidence that suggests benefits may be limited to individuals with specific risk factors, like low baseline levels or smoking history, rather than broadly applicable.
71 citations
,
June 2008 in “Annals of Internal Medicine” This article describes a case of selenosis linked to excessive selenium in a nutritional supplement that led to a product recall due to toxicity concerns.
61 citations
,
May 2010 in “Integrative Cancer Therapies” This review discusses the potential benefits and risks of selenium in cancer prevention and treatment, emphasizing that while selenium may offer advantages for tumor patients, further research is needed due to mixed findings regarding diabetes risk.
55 citations
,
February 1990 in “Journal of Nutrition” This study observed that selenium retention in rat hair and nails was influenced by the chemical form of dietary selenium and methionine status, suggesting caution when using these tissues to assess selenium status.
49 citations
,
February 2020 in “Scientific reports” In this study, the Selenium-Chitosan-Mupirocin nanohybrid system significantly enhanced wound healing in a rat model of diabetic wound infection compared to the control, suggesting potential for treating mild diabetic wounds.
35 citations
,
January 2001 in “Journal of Animal Science” This study found that dietary selenium levels above 5 ppm can lead to selenosis in pigs, with white-haired pigs showing alopecia sooner than dark-haired pigs.
35 citations
,
April 1956 in “Journal of the American Medical Association” This study found that using selenium sulfide shampoo for seborrheic dermatitis was associated with hair loss, which ceased after discontinuing the shampoo.
30 citations
,
September 2016 in “Aging Cell” This study found that selenium deficiency in mice accelerated age-related conditions and metabolic decline but unexpectedly promoted longevity, suggesting low selenium levels might separate healthspan and lifespan.
27 citations
,
June 2010 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Excessive selenium in supplements can cause hair loss and nail issues.
23 citations
,
October 1995 in “PubMed” This case report identifies alopecia universalis in a worker as a result of occupational selenium intoxication.
23 citations
,
August 1989 in “American Journal of Veterinary Research” In this study, high selenium diets from different sources caused weight and hair loss in pigs, with additional hoof and coronary band problems particularly in those fed sodium selenate.
22 citations
,
August 2019 in “Environmental research” This study found that the Pseudomonas sp. T5-6-I strain significantly increased selenium accumulation and root hair density in Brassica oleracea, highlighting its potential for phytoremediation and biofortification.
21 citations
,
June 1991 in “Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease” This case report observed that a selenium-deficient diet in a child with propionic acidaemia led to macrocytosis and hair abnormalities, which improved with selenium supplementation.
20 citations
,
February 2013 in “Nutrition” This article reviews the role of prebiotics and the potential of green tea and selenium as alternatives due to their non-toxic nature, but it reports no new research findings.
20 citations
,
August 1960 in “PubMed” This study investigated the effects of selenium sulfide suspension on hair roots after noticing higher abnormal hair root proportions in individuals using the preparation.