Toxicosis in Pigs Fed Selenium-Accumulating Astragalus Plant Species or Sodium Selenate

    August 1989 in “ American Journal of Veterinary Research ”
    Dale C. Baker, Lynn F. James, W. J. Hartley, Kip E. Panter, H. F. Maynard, James A. Pfister
    TLDR High selenium diets in pigs cause health issues like weight loss, hair loss, and nerve damage.
    The study investigated the effects of high selenium diets on pigs, using Astragalus praelongus, A bisulcatus, and sodium selenate as selenium sources. Each group consisted of 5 pigs, with 10 control pigs on a low selenium diet. Over 9 weeks, all selenium-fed pigs exhibited weight and hair loss, with additional symptoms like cracked hooves and inflamed coronary bands in sodium selenate-fed pigs. Blood tests showed increased serum aspartate transaminase activities in Astragalus-fed pigs, and changes in other enzyme activities across all selenium-fed groups. Selenium concentrations in tissues and fluids were significantly higher in treated pigs compared to controls. All selenium-fed pigs developed poliomalacia of the spinal cord and brain stem, with the increase in AST activity in Astragalus-fed pigs linked to swainsonine in the plants.
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