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Azelaic acid helps protect hair cells from UV damage and encourages hair growth by increasing certain gene expressions and proteins.

Genetic defects and UV radiation cause skin damage and aging.

Understanding gene expression in hair follicles can reveal insights into hair growth and disorders.

The secretome from mesenchymal stem cells is a promising treatment that may repair tissue and avoid side effects of stem cell transplantation.

Laminin-511 is crucial for early hair growth and maintaining important hair development signals.

A new gene mutation causes female pseudohermaphroditism due to glucocorticoid resistance.

Memantine may slightly improve memory in people with Down syndrome, but more research is needed.

New genes and pathways are important for testosterone production and male sexual development.

Air pollution (PM10) increases skin inflammation and aging by reducing collagen and may trigger a repair response in skin cells.

New LPA receptors (LPA4, LPA5, LPA6) have diverse roles in the body.

Skin problems can be caused or worsened by physical forces and pressure on the skin.

The skin's ability to produce hormones is linked to various skin conditions, and better understanding this process could lead to new treatments.

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway can activate melanocyte stem cells and may help regenerate hair follicles.

Cyproterone acetate is effective for treating hirsutism and acne but less so for hair loss, with side effects similar to birth control pills.

Minoxidil and ATRA together boost hair growth more effectively than minoxidil alone.

Mice lacking fibromodulin have disrupted healing patterns, leading to abnormal skin repair and scarring.

Smad1 and Smad5 are essential for hair follicle development and stem cell sleepiness.

Future research on ectodysplasin should explore its role in diseases, stem cells, and evolution, and continue developing treatments for genetic disorders like hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

Future osteoporosis treatments should focus on increasing bone growth, with many promising options available.

IGF-1 affects hair loss and could be a potential treatment.

Herbal extracts may help hair grow and could be an alternative to synthetic hair loss treatments.

Blocking the FGF5 gene in sheep leads to more fine wool and active hair follicles due to changes in certain cell signaling pathways.

Ginsenoside F2 may help prevent hair loss and promote hair growth better than finasteride.

Non-immune factors play a significant role in alopecia areata.

Regenerated hairs can regain their color if the wound occurs during a certain stage of hair growth, and this process is helped by specific skin cells and proteins.

A new gene, mrp4, is found in mice and may play a unique role in hair follicle development in tails and ears.

Exosomes are important for skin health and could help diagnose and treat skin diseases.

Some brain cancer cells avoid immune system detection, and certain treatments could target this to slow their growth; also, certain fat cell precursors help regenerate hair and skin after injury.

Gamma delta T cells in the skin help with healing and defense but can also cause autoimmune issues, and more research is needed to understand how they are activated.

Synthetic ceramides may help hair growth by boosting cell growth in hair follicles.