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This review examines the evaluation and management of hirsutism and hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women and reports no new clinical findings.

This article reviews existing knowledge on postmenopausal hyperandrogenism and highlights diagnostic challenges, reporting no new clinical results.

This review discusses hormonal changes during menopause, emphasizing the relative androgen excess and the role of insulin resistance, and reports no new clinical findings.

This case report describes a postmenopausal woman who experienced facial erythema, acne, and hirsutism due to excess androgen and estrogen levels.

This case series observed the efficacy of GnRH analogues in diagnosing and treating various forms of ovarian hyperandrogenism, illustrating their role in symptom management without surgery, particularly for benign conditions and refractory androgen excess.

This case report highlights the diagnostic challenge of identifying androgen-secreting ovarian Leydig cell tumors in postmenopausal women when imaging fails to reveal masses, emphasizing the usefulness of ovarian vein sampling for localization.

This case report describes a 69-year-old woman with hirsutism and elevated serum testosterone, where surgery resolved symptoms and serum testosterone, suggesting ovarian steroid cell tumor consideration in similar profiles.

The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.

This case report details a postmenopausal woman with hyperandrogenism due to both adrenal adenoma and ovarian hyperthecosis, highlighting the effectiveness of hormonal suppression and venous sampling for diagnosis.

In this case report, a 54-year-old woman with hirsutism was found to have a benign ovarian cystadenofibroma, which resolved after surgery, highlighting the importance of evaluating postmenopausal women for ovarian causes of androgen excess.

In this study of a postmenopausal woman with hyperandrogenism, GnRH agonist treatment significantly reduced testosterone levels, suggesting the androgen excess was ovarian in origin and indicating the potential of using GnRH agonists as a conservative treatment option when surgery is not feasible.

This case report discusses a postmenopausal woman whose hyperandrogenism and metabolic symptoms improved significantly after the surgical removal of an ovarian Leydig cell tumor, confirmed post-operatively.

This case study discussed a postmenopausal female with androgenic alopecia and hirsutism due to a Leydig cell tumor, suggesting the importance of further workup in women with severe hirsutism or androgenic alopecia.

This case report identified ovarian hyperthecosis as the cause of recent-onset androgenic symptoms in a 73-year-old woman, which was confirmed by ovary removal and led to symptom improvement.

This case report describes a 64-year-old postmenopausal woman with hirsutism due to a rare case of bilateral diffuse ovarian Leydig cell hyperplasia, leading to normalized testosterone levels and improved glycaemic control following surgery.

Treatment with a hormone agonist can reduce excess male hormones in postmenopausal women without surgery.

In this case report, the coexistence of hypercalcemia and androgen excess in a postmenopausal woman was linked to primary hyperparathyroidism and a suspected androgen-secreting ovarian tumor, underscoring the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach to identify overlapping endocrine disorders.

This review discusses the causes and recommended clinical investigations for postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, highlighting the role of androgen excess in symptoms like hirsutism and its association with metabolic disorders.

This case study describes two postmenopausal women with severe androgen excess symptoms, diagnosed with ovarian hyperthecosis and stromal hyperplasia, emphasizing the challenges in differentiating these benign conditions from androgen-secreting tumors and the importance of surgical and histopathological evaluation for correct diagnosis and management.

Surgery successfully treated a hidden ovarian tumor causing hair loss and excess hair growth in a postmenopausal woman.

This report describes two cases of postmenopausal hyperandrogenism where GnRH analogue use suggested an ovarian source of excess androgens, leading to a diagnosis of benign ovarian tumors.

This article reviews androgen excess and cardiometabolic risks in women, highlighting increased cardiovascular disease risk in those with polycystic ovary syndrome, but reports no new clinical results.

In this study, bilateral oophorectomy was reported as an effective treatment for normalizing androgen levels and resolving hypersexuality and related symptoms in a post-menopausal woman with ovarian hyperthecosis, suggesting its importance in addressing excess androgen production in such cases.

This case report suggests that ovarian steroid cell tumors should be considered in postmenopausal women with hirsutism and elevated testosterone, with surgery being effective in resolving symptoms and preventing recurrence.

This review examines the causes and characteristics of androgen excess in postmenopausal women, but reports no new clinical results; the authors emphasize challenges in diagnosis and potential long-term health impacts.

This review discusses the characteristics, diagnostic challenges, and management options for postmenopausal hyperandrogenism but reports no new clinical results; it highlights the importance of distinguishing potential androgen-producing tumors or hyperandrogenic disorders.

This study found that postmenopausal women experience two distinct patterns of hair changes, with diffuse scalp hair loss linked to body hair loss and age, and frontal hair loss associated with increased facial hair and a younger age.

In this case report, a 62-year-old postmenopausal woman with hyperandrogenism exhibited male-pattern alopecia and hirsutism, which improved after bilateral adrenal adenomas were removed, underscoring the need for investigation of androgen-producing tumors in similar cases.

In this case study, a 68-year-old woman with hyperandrogenism and presumed ovarian origin responded well to GnRH agonist therapy, normalizing testosterone levels and stabilizing blood pressure, suggesting its effectiveness as a non-surgical treatment option.

This case report describes a 63-year-old woman with hyperandrogenism due to an ectopic adrenal gland adenoma on the ovaries, successfully treated with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.