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The document describes various skin conditions, their features, and treatments but lacks detailed study size information.

Both genes and environmental factors like chemicals may contribute to the increase in hypospadias, but the exact causes are still unclear.

The document is a detailed medical reference on skin and genetic disorders.

The document provides a comprehensive index of medical and surgical topics, including hair removal, hair restoration, and various treatments for injuries and conditions.

Sostdc1 controls the size and number of hair and mammary gland structures.

The document explains breast development, common breast conditions, and their treatments.

New drugs like clonidine and prazosin show promise for treating high blood pressure despite some side effects.

Many pediatric epilepsy patients experience preventable severe adverse drug reactions, especially with certain medications and risk factors.

Finasteride may decrease semen quality but not harm sperm production, and stopping the drug can improve semen quality; hyperprolactinemia can cause infertility but is treatable with medication.

Recreational drug use can cause misdiagnosed conditions and drug interactions in HIV patients.

Scalp cooling can help prevent chemotherapy-induced hair loss with a 50-90% success rate and is safe for patients.

The document concludes that the understanding of scar formation is incomplete and current prevention and treatment for hypertrophic scars and keloids are not fully effective.

PCOS is a complex disorder in women that can lead to various health risks and requires personalized treatment.

Women with epilepsy should be monitored for reproductive issues, which can be caused by epilepsy or its treatments, especially when using valproate.

Treatments for melanin disorders exist, but more effective options needed.

Some psychiatric medications can cause hair loss, but it usually grows back after adjusting the medication.

The method effectively detects banned substances in urine for sports antidoping.

Levetiracetam is widely used and generally well-tolerated for treating idiopathic generalized epilepsies, with tiredness as the main side effect.

Hair loss from mood stabilizers is common but can be managed without stopping the medication.

New sulfur-containing steroid analogs show promise for more targeted medical treatments.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preventing permanent hair loss in various scalp conditions, and while new treatments are promising, more research is needed to evaluate their effectiveness.

Epilepsy and certain epilepsy drugs can lead to reproductive problems in women, but changing medication might improve these issues.

A team approach is crucial for managing PCOS, with dermatologists playing a key role.

The drug combination significantly reduced epileptic drop attacks in patients.

Unwanted facial hair significantly impacts over 40% of women's psychological and social well-being, and various treatment options are available.

Some anticonvulsant drugs can cause skin reactions, ranging from mild to severe, and managing these reactions is important for patient care.

Valproic acid can cause reversible hair curling and persistent hair thinning.

Hair loss from mood stabilizers can grow back, but the reasons why are not fully understood.

Women with epilepsy on certain medications might gain weight and have higher thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, but not more polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Treating epilepsy is complex, requiring careful drug choice and patient adherence to manage seizures and side effects.