Molecular Epidemiology of Hypospadias: Review of Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors

    October 2003 in “ Birth Defects Research ”
    Jeanne M. Manson, Michael C. Carr
    Studysummary This review discusses the multifactorial etiology of hypospadias, including genetic predispositions and possible environmental factors, and highlights the need for further studies on genetic and environmental contributions to its increasing prevalence, without presenting new findings.
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    Research cited in this study 6

    1. Natural Potent Androgens: Lessons from Human Genetic Models Baillière s Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · 1998
    2. Effects of Finasteride, a Type 2 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor, on Fetal Development in the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca Mulatta) Teratology · 1997
    3. Critical Developmental Periods for Effects on Male Rat Genitalia Induced by Finasteride, a 5α-Reductase Inhibitor Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · 1993
    4. Steroid 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Man: An Inherited Form of Male Pseudohermaphroditism The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · 1992
    5. Structure of Human Type II 5 Alpha-Reductase Gene Endocrinology · 1992
    6. External Genitalia Abnormalities in Male Rats Exposed In Utero to Finasteride, a 5α-Reductase Inhibitor Teratology · 1990