103 citations
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October 2003 in “Birth Defects Research” This review discusses the multifactorial etiology of hypospadias, including genetic predispositions and possible environmental factors, and highlights the need for further studies on genetic and environmental contributions to its increasing prevalence, without presenting new findings.
45 citations
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April 2018 in “Nature Reviews Urology” This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of masculinization involving androgen signaling and their roles in male embryonic development and conditions like hypospadias and prostate cancer, and reports no clinical results.
30 citations
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March 2001 in “Environmental Health Perspectives” This review explores the significant impacts of hormonal changes within normal physiological ranges and suggests examining low-dose effects from chemicals disrupting hormonal activity; it presents no new clinical results.
11 citations
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May 2024 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” In this study, researchers found that human ovaries at different life stages biosynthesize both canonical and non-canonical steroid hormones, with fetal ovaries showing higher enzyme activity related to estradiol and testosterone conversion compared to adult tissues.
June 2026 in “Scholarly review .” This review discusses the impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on pediatric health, linking them to various disorders, and calls for improved biomonitoring strategies and precautionary policies.