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Glossary Oxidation

chemical process where a substance loses electrons

Oxidation is a chemical process where a substance loses electrons, often involving the interaction with oxygen. In the context of hair and biology, oxidation can affect hair color and strength, as it can lead to the breakdown of melanin (the pigment in hair) and the weakening of hair proteins, potentially contributing to conditions like alopecia.

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research Targeting Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Treatment of Impaired Wound Healing: A Systematic Review

280 citations , July 2018 in “Antioxidants”

This review discusses the role of reactive oxygen species in wound healing, highlighting potential strategies like mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants for managing non-healing chronic wounds, and reports no new clinical results.

research Senile hair graying: H ₂ O ₂ ‐mediated oxidative stress affects human hair color by blunting methionine sulfoxide repair

217 citations , February 2009 in “The FASEB Journal”

This study found that hydrogen peroxide accumulation and reduced methionine sulfoxide repair play a significant role in the oxidative damage linked to senile hair graying.

research Particulate matter 2.5 damages skin cells by inducing oxidative stress, subcellular organelle dysfunction, and apoptosis

215 citations , March 2018 in “Archives of Toxicology”

This study found that PM2.5 exposure induced oxidative stress in human keratinocytes and mouse skin, causing cellular damage, which was mitigated by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine.

research Oxidative stress in ageing of hair

126 citations , January 2009 in “International Journal of Trichology”

This review discusses the potential role of oxidative stress in hair graying and age-related alopecia, emphasizing the need for new strategies to counteract these effects, but reports no new results.

research Regulation of Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism by Tumor Suppressor FLCN

81 citations , November 2012 in “Journal of the National Cancer Institute”

This study found that FLCN deficiency in mice muscles led to increased mitochondrial biogenesis and a metabolic shift towards oxidative phosphorylation, with a similar advantage observed in FLCN-null kidney cancer cells.

research Long-term toxicity studies on oxidation hair dyes

79 citations , January 1975 in “Food and Cosmetics Toxicology”

In this study, oxidation hair dye formulations tested on mice showed no evidence of causing systemic toxicity or cancer over an 18-month period.

research Age-induced hair greying - the multiple effects of oxidative stress

67 citations , August 2013 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

This review discusses the role of oxidative stress in hair greying and suggests that understanding melanocyte susceptibility at different follicular locations may help develop therapies for preventing and reversing the process; it reports no new experimental results.

research Role of Oxidative Stress in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

65 citations , May 2010 in “Current Women's Health Reviews”

This review discusses oxidative stress's role in polycystic ovary syndrome and examines various biomarkers to understand its impact on the disorder's pathogenesis, but reports no new clinical results.

research Oxidative Stress in Alopecia Areata: A Case–Control Study

62 citations , July 2013 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”

This study found that alopecia areata patients had higher oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation levels than healthy controls, suggesting potential involvement in the disease's pathogenesis.

research The impact of oxidative stress on hair

59 citations , November 2015 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

This review considers oxidative stress effects on hair aging and emphasizes the need for dermatologists to recognize and treat factors affecting scalp and hair health, but it provides no new clinical findings.

research Defects in mitochondrial DNA replication and oxidative damage in muscle of mtDNA mutator mice

53 citations , October 2014 in “Free radical biology & medicine”

This study found that oxidative damage is present in the mitochondria of PolG mice, which exhibit premature aging-like phenotypes due to mitochondrial dysfunction.

Inhibition of 5α-Reductase, IL-6 Secretion, and Oxidation Process of Equisetum Debile Extract as Functional Food and Nutraceutical Ingredients

research Inhibition of 5α-Reductase, IL-6 Secretion, and Oxidation Process of Equisetum debile Roxb. ex Vaucher Extract as Functional Food and Nutraceuticals Ingredients

49 citations , October 2017 in “Nutrients”

This study observed that the ethyl acetate extract of Equisetum debile showed high activity against 5α-reductase and lipid peroxidation with no cytotoxicity on dermal papilla cells.

Oxidative Activity of the Type 2 Isozyme of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Predominates in Human Sebaceous Glands

research Oxidative Activity of the Type 2 Isozyme of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) Predominates in Human Sebaceous Glands

45 citations , September 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that sebaceous glands predominantly exhibit oxidative activity of the type 2 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isozyme, which is not inhibited by 13-cis retinoic acid.

research Eupafolin nanoparticles protect HaCaT keratinocytes from particulate matter-induced inflammation and oxidative stress

43 citations , August 2016 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine”

This study found that a eupafolin nanoparticle delivery system improved water solubility and skin penetration, enhancing its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against particulate matter-induced stress in skin cells.

research Oxidative stress in hair follicle development and hair growth: Signalling pathways, intervening mechanisms and potential of natural antioxidants

41 citations , June 2024 in “Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine”

This study reviews how oxidative stress affects hair follicle development and hair growth, discusses antioxidant-based treatments for hair loss, and evaluates natural antioxidant products that promote hair growth, emphasizing the need for further research due to existing limitations.

research Scalp condition impacts hair growth and retention via oxidative stress

40 citations , January 2018 in “International journal of trichology”

This article reviews the relationship between scalp conditions and hair health, suggesting that shampoos with Malassezia inhibitory agents may help reduce premature hair loss, but it presents no new clinical results.

research Oxidative Stress and Skin Diseases: The Role of Lipid Peroxidation

36 citations , May 2025 in “Antioxidants”

This study found that lipid peroxidation products play a clear role in the pathogenesis of skin diseases like psoriasis, vitiligo, and alopecia, but their role in diseases like melanoma and atopic dermatitis remains unclear.

research Polycystic ovary syndrome and its management: In view of oxidative stress

35 citations , January 2024 in “BioMolecular Concepts”

This review discusses the relationship between oxidative stress and polycystic ovarian syndrome and reports no new clinical results; the authors emphasize the need for further research into therapeutic strategies.

research Oxidative stress management in the hair follicle: Could targeting NRF2 counter age‐related hair disorders and beyond?

30 citations , July 2017 in “BioEssays”

This review discusses the potential benefits of activating NRF2 for treating hair follicle disorders linked to oxidative stress and reports no new clinical results.

research Quaternary ammonium iminofullerenes improve root growth of oxidative-stress maize through ASA-GSH cycle modulating redox homeostasis of roots and ROS-mediated root-hair elongation

24 citations , January 2022 in “Journal of Nanobiotechnology”

This study found that quaternary ammonium iminofullerenes (IFQA) can alleviate oxidative stress in maize caused by hydrogen peroxide, promoting root growth by enhancing antioxidant cycles and reducing ROS accumulation.

research The role of oxidative damage in poor scalp health: ramifications to causality and associated hair growth

24 citations , November 2015 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

This study demonstrated that oxidative stress contributes to dandruff, and using a potentiated ZPT shampoo improves scalp and hair condition by reducing oxidative stress.

research C‐reactive protein promotes adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells via NADPH oxidase‐mediated oxidative stress

24 citations , January 2012 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry”

This study found that C-reactive protein may enhance monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells through NOX-mediated oxidative stress, suggesting a potential mechanism for atherogenesis.

research Foxp1 Regulates the Proliferation of Hair Follicle Stem Cells in Response to Oxidative Stress during Hair Cycling

22 citations , July 2015 in “PloS one”

This study found that Foxp1, a transcriptional factor, plays a key role in regulating hair follicle stem cell proliferation by modulating oxidative stress and the cell cycle during hair growth phases.

Influence of Oxidative and Reductive Treatment on Human Hair: Analysis of Hair Damage

research Influence of Oxidative and/or Reductive Treatment on Human Hair (I): Analysis of Hair-Damage after Oxidative and/or Reductive Treatment

20 citations , January 2003 in “Journal of oleo science”

This study found that both everyday physical and environmental stresses, as well as chemical treatments, contributed to hair damage, with cuticle layers being more noticeably affected.

The Mechanisms and Management of Age-Related Oxidative Stress in Male Hypogonadism Associated with Non-Communicable Chronic Disease

research The Mechanisms and Management of Age-Related Oxidative Stress in Male Hypogonadism Associated with Non-communicable Chronic Disease

16 citations , November 2021 in “Antioxidants”

This review examines the role of oxidative stress in male hypogonadism associated with noncommunicable chronic diseases and discusses various management strategies, but it presents no new clinical findings.

research Oxidative Modification in Human Hair: The Effect of the Levels of Cu (II) Ions, UV Exposure and Hair Pigmentation

16 citations , October 2015 in “Photochemistry and photobiology”

This study found that higher concentrations of copper (II) ions in human hair increase protein oxidative modification, contributing to hair damage regardless of UV exposure and pigmentation level.

research Alopecia Areata: A Review of the Role of Oxidative Stress, Possible Biomarkers, and Potential Novel Therapeutic Approaches

15 citations , January 2023 in “Antioxidants”

This review discusses oxidative stress in alopecia areata pathogenesis and potential treatment strategies, reporting no new clinical results but suggesting biomarkers for oxidative stress and discussing JAK inhibitors as promising options.

research Effect of Fermented Camel Milk Containing Pumpkin Seed Milk on the Oxidative Stress Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Experimental Rats

15 citations , May 2022 in “Fermentation”

This study found that fermented camel milk containing 50% pumpkin seed milk significantly improved oxidative stress markers in rats and enhanced sensory and physicochemical properties compared to untreated groups.

research Argan (Argania Spinosa) press cake extract enhances cell proliferation and prevents oxidative stress and inflammation of human dermal papilla cells

14 citations , June 2021 in “Journal of dermatological science”

This study found that Argan press cake extracts stimulated hair growth and reduced inflammation and oxidative stress in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells, suggesting potential for anti-hair loss drug development.

research Oxidative stress in androgenetic alopecia.

13 citations , March 2017 in “PubMed”

In this study, patients with androgenetic alopecia showed significantly decreased antioxidant activity and increased oxidative stress markers, suggesting a role for oxidative stress in the condition.